C語言中的樹遍歷

遍歷是訪問樹中所有節點的過程，也可能列印它們的數值。因為所有節點都透過邊（連結）連線，我們總是從根（頭部）節點開始。也就是說，我們不能隨機訪問樹中的節點。我們使用三種方法來遍歷樹：

• 中序遍歷
• 前序遍歷
• 後序遍歷

現在，我們將使用以下二叉樹，檢視C程式語言中樹遍歷的實現：

C語言實現

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct node {
   int data; 
	
   struct node *leftChild;
   struct node *rightChild;
};

struct node *root = NULL;

void insert(int data) {
   struct node *tempNode = (struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
   struct node *current;
   struct node *parent;

   tempNode->data = data;
   tempNode->leftChild = NULL;
   tempNode->rightChild = NULL;

   //if tree is empty
   if(root == NULL) {
      root = tempNode;
   } else {
      current = root;
      parent = NULL;

      while(1) { 
         parent = current;
         
         //go to left of the tree
         if(data < parent->data) {
            current = current->leftChild;                
            
            //insert to the left
            if(current == NULL) {
               parent->leftChild = tempNode;
               return;
            }
         }  //go to right of the tree
         else {
            current = current->rightChild;

            //insert to the right
            if(current == NULL) {
               parent->rightChild = tempNode;
               return;
            }
         }
      }            
   }
}

struct node* search(int data) {
   struct node *current = root;
   printf("Visiting elements: ");

   while(current->data != data) {
      if(current != NULL)
         printf("%d ",current->data); 

      //go to left tree
      if(current->data > data) {
         current = current->leftChild;
      }
      //else go to right tree
      else {                
         current = current->rightChild;
      }

      //not found
      if(current == NULL) {
         return NULL;
      }
   }
   
   return current;
}

void pre_order_traversal(struct node* root) {
   if(root != NULL) {
      printf("%d ",root->data);
      pre_order_traversal(root->leftChild);
      pre_order_traversal(root->rightChild);
   }
}

void inorder_traversal(struct node* root) {
   if(root != NULL) {
      inorder_traversal(root->leftChild);
      printf("%d ",root->data);          
      inorder_traversal(root->rightChild);
   }
}

void post_order_traversal(struct node* root) {
   if(root != NULL) {
      post_order_traversal(root->leftChild);
      post_order_traversal(root->rightChild);
      printf("%d ", root->data);
   }
}

int main() {
   int i;
   int array[7] = { 27, 14, 35, 10, 19, 31, 42 };

   for(i = 0; i < 7; i++)
      insert(array[i]);

   i = 31;
   struct node * temp = search(i);

   if(temp != NULL) {
      printf("[%d] Element found.", temp->data);
      printf("\n");
   }else {
      printf("[ x ] Element not found (%d).\n", i);
   }

   i = 15;
   temp = search(i);

   if(temp != NULL) {
      printf("[%d] Element found.", temp->data);
      printf("\n");
   }else {
      printf("[ x ] Element not found (%d).\n", i);
   }            

   printf("\nPreorder traversal: ");
   pre_order_traversal(root);

   printf("\nInorder traversal: ");
   inorder_traversal(root);

   printf("\nPost order traversal: ");
   post_order_traversal(root);       

   return 0;
}

如果我們編譯並執行上述程式，它將產生以下結果：

輸出

Visiting elements: 27 35 [31] Element found.
Visiting elements: 27 14 19 [ x ] Element not found (15).

Preorder traversal: 27 14 10 19 35 31 42 
Inorder traversal: 10 14 19 27 31 35 42 
Post order traversal: 10 19 14 31 42 35 27