JavaFX - 材質屬性

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到目前為止，當我們討論 JavaFX 形狀物件的屬性時，它始終只包含形狀填充的顏色和形狀描邊的型別。但是，JavaFX 也允許您為 3D 形狀分配材質型別。

3D 物件的材質不過是用於建立 3D 物件的紋理型別。例如，現實世界中的盒子可以由不同的材料製成；例如紙板、金屬、木材或任何其他固體。所有這些都形成相同的形狀，但材質不同。類似地，JavaFX 允許您選擇用於建立 3D 物件的材質型別。

材質屬性

材質屬性的型別為 Material，用於選擇 3D 形狀材質的表面。您可以使用以下方法設定 3D 形狀的材質：setMaterial()。

cylinder.setMaterial(material);

如上所述，對於此方法，您需要傳遞型別為 Material 的物件。javafx.scene.paint 包中的 PhongMaterial 類是此類的子類，並提供 7 個表示 Phong 著色材質的屬性。您可以使用這些屬性的 setter 方法將所有這些型別的材質應用於 3D 形狀的表面。

以下是 JavaFX 中可用的材質型別：

  • bumpMap - 表示儲存為 RGB 影像的法線貼圖。

  • diffuseMap - 表示漫反射貼圖。

  • selfIlluminationMap - 表示此 PhongMaterial 的自發光貼圖。

  • specularMap - 表示此 PhongMaterial 的鏡面反射貼圖。

  • diffuseColor - 表示此 PhongMaterial 的漫反射顏色。

  • specularColor - 表示此 PhongMaterial 的鏡面反射顏色。

  • specularPower - 表示此 PhongMaterial 的鏡面反射強度。

預設情況下，三維形狀的材質是具有淺灰色漫反射顏色的 PhongMaterial。

示例

以下是一個示例，它在圓柱體上顯示各種材質。將此程式碼儲存在名為 CylinderMaterials.java 的檔案中。

import javafx.application.Application; 
import javafx.scene.Group; 
import javafx.scene.PerspectiveCamera; 
import javafx.scene.Scene; 
import javafx.scene.image.Image; 
import javafx.scene.paint.Color; 
import javafx.scene.paint.PhongMaterial; 
import javafx.scene.shape.Cylinder; 
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class CylinderMaterials extends Application {  
   @Override 
   public void start(Stage stage) { 
      //Drawing Cylinder1 
      Cylinder cylinder1 = new Cylinder();         
   
      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder 
      cylinder1.setHeight(130.0f); 
      cylinder1.setRadius(30.0f);   
     
      //Setting the position of the Cylinder 
      cylinder1.setTranslateX(100); 
      cylinder1.setTranslateY(75); 
        
      //Preparing the phong material of type bump map  
      PhongMaterial material1 = new PhongMaterial();  
      material1.setBumpMap(new Image
         ("https://tutorialspoint.tw/images/tplogo.gif"));   
      
      //Setting the bump map material to Cylinder1 
      cylinder1.setMaterial(material1);    
       
      //Drawing Cylinder2 
      Cylinder cylinder2 = new Cylinder();         
      
      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder 
      cylinder2.setHeight(130.0f); 
      cylinder2.setRadius(30.0f);   
      
      //Setting the position of the Cylinder 
      cylinder2.setTranslateX(200); 
      cylinder2.setTranslateY(75); 
       
      //Preparing the phong material of type diffuse map 
      PhongMaterial material2 = new PhongMaterial();
      material2.setDiffuseMap(new Image
         ("https://tutorialspoint.tw/images/tp-logo.gif")); 
      
      //Setting the diffuse map material to Cylinder2 
      cylinder2.setMaterial(material2);         
       
      //Drawing Cylinder3 
      Cylinder cylinder3 = new Cylinder();         
      
      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder 
      cylinder3.setHeight(130.0f); 
      cylinder3.setRadius(30.0f);   
  
      //Setting the position of the Cylinder 
      cylinder3.setTranslateX(300); 
      cylinder3.setTranslateY(75); 
       
      //Preparing the phong material of type Self Illumination Map 
      PhongMaterial material3 = new PhongMaterial();  
      material3.setSelfIlluminationMap(new Image
         ("https://tutorialspoint.tw/images/tp-logo.gif"));  
      
      //Setting the Self Illumination Map material to Cylinder3 
      cylinder3.setMaterial(material3);  
       
      //Drawing Cylinder4 
      Cylinder cylinder4 = new Cylinder();         
      
      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder 
      cylinder4.setHeight(130.0f); 
      cylinder4.setRadius(30.0f);   
      
      //Setting the position of the Cylinder 
      cylinder4.setTranslateX(400); 
      cylinder4.setTranslateY(75); 
       
      //Preparing the phong material of type Specular Map  
      PhongMaterial material4 = new PhongMaterial();  
      material4.setSpecularMap(new Image
         ("https://tutorialspoint.tw/images/tp-logo.gif")); 
      
      //Setting the Specular Map material to Cylinder4 
      cylinder4.setMaterial(material4);  
       
      //Drawing Cylinder5 
      Cylinder cylinder5 = new Cylinder();         
      
      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder 
      cylinder5.setHeight(130.0f); 
      cylinder5.setRadius(30.0f);   
      
      //Setting the position of the Cylinder 
      cylinder5.setTranslateX(100); 
      cylinder5.setTranslateY(300); 
       
      //Preparing the phong material of type diffuse color 
      PhongMaterial material5 = new PhongMaterial();  
      material5.setDiffuseColor(Color.BLANCHEDALMOND); 
      
      //Setting the diffuse color material to Cylinder5 
      cylinder5.setMaterial(material5);   
       
      //Drawing Cylinder6  
      Cylinder cylinder6 = new Cylinder();         
      
      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder 
      cylinder6.setHeight(130.0f); 
      cylinder6.setRadius(30.0f);   
      
      //Setting the position of the Cylinder 
      cylinder6.setTranslateX(200); 
      cylinder6.setTranslateY(300); 
       
      //Preparing the phong material of type specular color 
      PhongMaterial material6 = new PhongMaterial();  
      
      //setting the specular color map to the material 
      material6.setSpecularColor(Color.BLANCHEDALMOND); 
      
      //Setting the specular color material to Cylinder6 
      cylinder6.setMaterial(material6);    
       
      //Drawing Cylinder7 
      Cylinder cylinder7 = new Cylinder();
      
      //Setting the properties of the Cylinder 
      cylinder7.setHeight(130.0f); 
      cylinder7.setRadius(30.0f);   
      
      //Setting the position of the Cylinder 
      cylinder7.setTranslateX(300); 
      cylinder7.setTranslateY(300); 
       
      //Preparing the phong material of type Specular Power 
      PhongMaterial material7 = new PhongMaterial();  
      material7.setSpecularPower(0.1); 
      
      //Setting the Specular Power material to the Cylinder 
      cylinder7.setMaterial(material7);         
      
      //Creating a Group object  
      Group root = new Group(cylinder1 ,cylinder2, cylinder3, 
      cylinder4, cylinder5, cylinder6, cylinder7); 
          
      //Creating a scene object 
      Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 400); 
       
      //Setting camera 
      PerspectiveCamera camera = new PerspectiveCamera(false); 
      camera.setTranslateX(0); 
      camera.setTranslateY(0); 
      camera.setTranslateZ(-10); 
      scene.setCamera(camera); 
       
      //Setting title to the Stage 
      stage.setTitle("Drawing a cylinder"); 
         
      //Adding scene to the stage 
      stage.setScene(scene); 
         
      //Displaying the contents of the stage 
      stage.show(); 
   }      
   public static void main(String args[]){ 
      launch(args); 
   } 
}

使用以下命令從命令提示符編譯並執行儲存的 Java 檔案。

javac --module-path %PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules javafx.controls CylinderMaterials.java 
java --module-path %PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules javafx.controls CylinderMaterials

輸出

執行後，上述程式生成一個 JavaFX 視窗，顯示 7 個圓柱體，分別具有材質、凹凸貼圖、漫反射貼圖、自發光貼圖、鏡面反射貼圖、漫反射顏色、鏡面反射顏色、（BLANCHEDALMOND）鏡面反射強度，如下面的螢幕截圖所示：

Cylinder Material
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