Python 個人預算跟蹤器

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個人預算跟蹤器用於管理您的收入和支出。在這裡，我們將使用不同的方法在 Python 中建立個人預算跟蹤器。

使用字典的簡單預算跟蹤器

字典是處理值集的最方便的形式，因此，我們的收入和支出將以相同的方式管理。這種方法使我們能夠輕鬆地對我們的財務資料進行分類，並且可以毫不費力地完成諸如輸入新資料、計算總計和準備摘要等常規任務。

實施

我們建立兩個字典：一個用於收入，一個用於支出。每種型別（如“工資”或“租金”）都是字典中的鍵，每個對應的金額是值。這使我們能夠輕鬆地對收入和支出進行分類和彙總。

程式碼

# Simple Budget Tracker Using Dictionaries

class BudgetTracker:
   def __init__(self):
      self.income = {}
      self.expenses = {}

   def add_income(self, amount, category):
      if category in self.income:
         self.income[category] += amount
      else:
         self.income[category] = amount

   def add_expense(self, amount, category):
      if category in self.expenses:
         self.expenses[category] += amount
      else:
         self.expenses[category] = amount

   def get_total_income(self):
      return sum(self.income.values())

   def get_total_expenses(self):
      return sum(self.expenses.values())

   def display_summary(self):
      print('Income Summary:')
      for category, amount in self.income.items():
         print(f'{category}: ${amount}')
      print('Total Income:', self.get_total_income())

      print('Expenses Summary:')
      for category, amount in self.expenses.items():
         print(f'{category}: ${amount}')
      print('Total Expenses:', self.get_total_expenses())

      print('Net Savings:', self.get_total_income() - self.get_total_expenses())

# Example Usage
tracker = BudgetTracker()
tracker.add_income(5000, 'Salary')
tracker.add_income(200, 'Freelance')
tracker.add_expense(1500, 'Rent')
tracker.add_expense(200, 'Groceries')
tracker.add_expense(100, 'Utilities')
tracker.display_summary()

輸出

Income Summary:
Salary: $5000
Freelance: $200
Total Income: 5200
Expenses Summary:
Rent: $1500
Groceries: $200
Utilities: $100
Total Expenses: 1800
Net Savings: 3400

總結

指令碼打印出所有收入和支出的摘要，以及收入總額、支出總額和淨儲蓄（收入減去支出）。

使用面向物件概念的預算跟蹤器

為了提高預算跟蹤器的模組化，我們將 OOP 原則應用到我們的預算跟蹤器中。換句話說，它有助於將資料和功能組織成易於理解的形式，並易於重用。這種方法還有助於將來輕鬆管理、修改和擴充套件，從而滿足現代學習機構的需求。

實施

我們構建了一個 Transaction 類來表示每個收入或支出條目，其中包含金額和類別的屬性。BudgetTracker 類包含收入和支出的 Transaction 物件列表。提供了新增收入或支出、計算總計和顯示摘要的方法。

程式碼

# Object-Oriented Budget Tracker

class Transaction:
   def __init__(self, amount, category):
      self.amount = amount
      self.category = category

class BudgetTracker:
   def __init__(self):
      self.income = []
      self.expenses = []

   def add_income(self, amount, category):
      self.income.append(Transaction(amount, category))

   def add_expense(self, amount, category):
      self.expenses.append(Transaction(amount, category))

   def get_total_income(self):
      return sum([transaction.amount for transaction in self.income])

   def get_total_expenses(self):
     return sum([transaction.amount for transaction in self.expenses])

   def display_summary(self):
      print('Income Summary:')
      for transaction in self.income:
         print(f'{transaction.category}: ${transaction.amount}')
      print('Total Income:', self.get_total_income())

      print('Expenses Summary:')
      for transaction in self.expenses:
         print(f'{transaction.category}: ${transaction.amount}')
      print('Total Expenses:', self.get_total_expenses())

      print('Net Savings:', self.get_total_income() - self.get_total_expenses())

# Example Usage
tracker = BudgetTracker()
tracker.add_income(5000, 'Salary')
tracker.add_income(200, 'Freelance')
tracker.add_expense(1500, 'Rent')
tracker.add_expense(200, 'Groceries')
tracker.add_expense(100, 'Utilities')
tracker.display_summary()

輸出

Income Summary:
Salary: $5000
Freelance: $200
Total Income: 5200
Expenses Summary:
Rent: $1500
Groceries: $200
Utilities: $100
Total Expenses: 1800
Net Savings: 3400

總結

該指令碼打印出每個交易的詳細資訊和總計，類似於第一種方法。

使用檔案處理的高階預算跟蹤器

在這種方法中，預算跟蹤器的功能將得到擴充套件，特別是將實現檔案處理功能。這使使用者能夠儲存和檢索資料，換句話說，使預算跟蹤器能夠在多個會話中使用。

程式碼

# Advanced Budget Tracker with File Handling

import json

class BudgetTracker:
   def __init__(self):
      self.income = {}
      self.expenses = {}

   def add_income(self, amount, category):
      if category in self.income:
         self.income[category] += amount
      else:
         self.income[category] = amount

   def add_expense(self, amount, category):
      if category in self.expenses:
         self.expenses[category] += amount
      else:
         self.expenses[category] = amount

   def save_to_file(self, filename):
      data = {
         'income': self.income,
         'expenses': self.expenses
      }
      with open(filename, 'w') as file:
         json.dump(data, file)

   def load_from_file(self, filename):
      with open(filename, 'r') as file:
         data = json.load(file)
         self.income = data['income']
         self.expenses = data['expenses']

   def get_total_income(self):
      return sum(self.income.values())

   def get_total_expenses(self):
      return sum(self.expenses.values())

   def display_summary(self):
      print('Income Summary:')
      for category, amount in self.income.items():
         print(f'{category}: ${amount}')
      print('Total Income:', self.get_total_income())

      print('Expenses Summary:')
      for category, amount in self.expenses.items():
         print(f'{category}: ${amount}')
      print('Total Expenses:', self.get_total_expenses())

      print('Net Savings:', self.get_total_income() - self.get_total_expenses())

# Example Usage
tracker = BudgetTracker()
tracker.add_income(5000, 'Salary')
tracker.add_income(200, 'Freelance')
tracker.add_expense(1500, 'Rent')
tracker.add_expense(200, 'Groceries')
tracker.add_expense(100, 'Utilities')
tracker.save_to_file('budget_data.json')

# Load and display the summary
tracker.load_from_file('budget_data.json')
tracker.display_summary()

輸出

Income Summary:
Salary: $5000
Freelance: $200
Total Income: 5200
Expenses Summary:
Rent: $1500
Groceries: $200
Utilities: $100
Total Expenses: 1800
Net Savings: 3400

總結

在此輸出中，預算跟蹤器可以將資料儲存到檔案並從檔案載入資料。

具有使用者輸入和檔案處理的互動式預算跟蹤器

在這種方法中，預算跟蹤器將透過互動式使用者輸入選項來新增收入和支出而得到增強。使用者現在可以透過控制檯直接提供資訊，這極大地提高了應用程式的活力和日常實用性。

解釋

user_input() 方法提供了一個選單驅動的介面，方便新增收入、新增支出、將資料儲存到檔案、從檔案載入資料或退出程式。

使用者可以透過控制檯輸入金額和類別，從而使預算跟蹤器更具互動性。

選單選項：• 新增收入 • 新增支出 • 儲存 • 載入 • 退出

程式碼

import json

class BudgetTracker:
   def __init__(self):
      self.income = {}
      self.expenses = {}

   def add_income(self, amount, category):
      if category in self.income:
         self.income[category] += amount
      else:
         self.income[category] = amount

   def add_expense(self, amount, category):
      if category in self.expenses:
         self.expenses[category] += amount
      else:
         self.expenses[category] = amount

   def save_to_file(self, filename):
      data = {
         'income': self.income,
         'expenses': self.expenses
      }
      with open(filename, 'w') as file:
         json.dump(data, file)

   def load_from_file(self, filename):
      try:
         with open(filename, 'r') as file:
            data = json.load(file)
            self.income = data['income']
            self.expenses = data['expenses']
            print(f"Data loaded successfully from {filename}.")
      except FileNotFoundError:
         print(f"Error: The file '{filename}' does not exist. Please check the filename and try again.")

   def get_total_income(self):
      return sum(self.income.values())

   def get_total_expenses(self):
      return sum(self.expenses.values())

   def display_summary(self):
      print('Income Summary:')
      for category, amount in self.income.items():
         print(f'{category}: ${amount}')
      print('Total Income:', self.get_total_income())

      print('Expenses Summary:')
      for category, amount in self.expenses.items():
         print(f'{category}: ${amount}')
      print('Total Expenses:', self.get_total_expenses())

      print('Net Savings:', self.get_total_income() - self.get_total_expenses())

   def user_input(self):
      print("Welcome to the Budget Tracker!")
      print("You can use the following categories or create your own:")
      print("  - Income: Salary, Freelance, Investments")
      print("  - Expenses: Rent, Groceries, Utilities, Entertainment")

      while True:
         action = input("\nWhat would you like to do? (Add Income/Add Expense/Save/Load/Exit): ").lower()
         if action == 'add income':
            amount = float(input("Enter the amount (e.g., 5000): "))
            category = input("Enter the category (e.g., Salary, Freelance): ")
            self.add_income(amount, category)
            print(f"Added income: ${amount} under '{category}' category.")
         elif action == 'add expense':
            amount = float(input("Enter the amount (e.g., 1500): "))
            category = input("Enter the category (e.g., Rent, Groceries): ")
            self.add_expense(amount, category)
            print(f"Added expense: ${amount} under '{category}' category.")
         elif action == 'save':
            filename = input("Enter the filename to save data (e.g., my_budget.json): ")
            self.save_to_file(filename)
            print(f"Data saved successfully to '{filename}'.")
         elif action == 'load':
            filename = input("Enter the filename to load data (e.g., my_budget.json): ")
            self.load_from_file(filename)
         elif action == 'exit':
            print("Exiting the Budget Tracker. Goodbye!")
            break
         else:
            print("Invalid action. Please try again.")

# Example Usage
tracker = BudgetTracker()
tracker.user_input()

輸出

Budget Tracker

之後它將建立載入 -

Budget Tracker

總結

此程式將非常互動地引導使用者完成各種選擇，並根據使用者的選擇顯示摘要。由於將處理檔案，因此資料將成為永久因素。

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