Angular - 高階配置

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在本章中，我們將瞭解 Angular 專案中包含的其他配置檔案。

tsconfig.json

此檔案用於提供有關 Angular JS 專案使用的 TypeScript 的選項。

{ 
   "compilerOptions": {
      "target": "es5",
      "module": "commonjs",
      "moduleResolution": "node",
      "sourceMap": true,
      "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
      "experimentalDecorators": true,
      "lib": [ "es2015", "dom" ],
      "noImplicitAny": true,
      "suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true
   }
}

以下是一些關於以上程式碼的關鍵點。

  • 編譯的目標是 es5，這是因為大多數瀏覽器只能理解 ES5 typescript。

  • sourceMap 選項用於生成對映檔案，這在除錯時非常有用。因此，在開發過程中最好將此選項保留為 true。

  • "emitDecoratorMetadata": true 和 "experimentalDecorators": true 是 Angular JS 裝飾器所必需的。如果沒有，Angular JS 應用程式將無法編譯。

package.json

此檔案包含有關 Angular 2 專案的資訊。以下是檔案中的一些典型設定。

{
   "name": "angular-quickstart",
   "version": "1.0.0",
   "description": "QuickStart package.json from the documentation,
      supplemented with testing support",
   
   "scripts": {
      "build": "tsc -p src/",
      "build:watch": "tsc -p src/ -w",
      "build:e2e": "tsc -p e2e/",
      "serve": "lite-server -c=bs-config.json",
      "serve:e2e": "lite-server -c=bs-config.e2e.json",
      "prestart": "npm run build",
      "start": "concurrently \"npm run build:watch\" \"npm run serve\"",
      "pree2e": "npm run build:e2e",
      "e2e": "concurrently \"npm run serve:e2e\" \"npm run protractor\" 
         --killothers --success first",
      "preprotractor": "webdriver-manager update",
      "protractor": "protractor protractor.config.js",
      "pretest": "npm run build",
      "test": "concurrently \"npm run build:watch\" \"karma start karma.conf.js\"",
      "pretest:once": "npm run build",
      "test:once": "karma start karma.conf.js --single-run",
      "lint": "tslint ./src/**/*.ts -t verbose"
   },

   "keywords": [],
   "author": "",
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
      "@angular/common": "~2.4.0",
      "@angular/compiler": "~2.4.0",
      "@angular/core": "~2.4.0",
      "@angular/forms": "~2.4.0",
      "@angular/http": "~2.4.0",
      "@angular/platform-browser": "~2.4.0",
      "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "~2.4.0",
      "@angular/router": "~3.4.0",
      "angular-in-memory-web-api": "~0.2.4",
      "systemjs": "0.19.40",
      "core-js": "^2.4.1",
      "rxjs": "5.0.1",
      "zone.js": "^0.7.4"
   },

   "devDependencies": {
      "concurrently": "^3.2.0",
      "lite-server": "^2.2.2",
      "typescript": "~2.0.10",
      "canonical-path": "0.0.2",
      "tslint": "^3.15.1",
      "lodash": "^4.16.4",
      "jasmine-core": "~2.4.1",
      "karma": "^1.3.0",
      "karma-chrome-launcher": "^2.0.0",
      "karma-cli": "^1.0.1",
      "karma-jasmine": "^1.0.2",
      "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^0.2.2",
      "protractor": "~4.0.14",
      "rimraf": "^2.5.4",
      "@types/node": "^6.0.46",
      "@types/jasmine": "2.5.36"
   },
   "repository": {}
}

關於以上程式碼的一些關鍵點 -

  • 依賴項有兩種型別，第一種是依賴項，然後是開發依賴項。開發依賴項在開發過程中需要，而其他依賴項則需要執行應用程式。

  • "build:watch": "tsc -p src/ -w" 命令用於透過查詢 typescript 檔案中的更改在後臺編譯 typescript。

systemjs.config.json

此檔案包含 Angular JS 應用程式所需系統檔案。這載入所有必要的指令碼檔案，而無需向 html 頁面新增指令碼標籤。典型檔案將包含以下程式碼。

/** 
 * System configuration for Angular samples 
 * Adjust as necessary for your application needs. 
*/ 
(function (global) { 
   System.config ({ 
      paths: { 
         // paths serve as alias 
         'npm:': 'node_modules/' 
      }, 
      
      // map tells the System loader where to look for things 
      map: { 
         // our app is within the app folder 
         app: 'app',  
         
         // angular bundles 
         '@angular/core': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js', 
         '@angular/common': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js', 
         '@angular/compiler': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js', 
         '@angular/platform-browser': 'npm:@angular/platformbrowser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js', 
         '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic': 
            'npm:@angular/platform-browserdynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js', 
         '@angular/http': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http.umd.js', 
         '@angular/router': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router.umd.js', 
         '@angular/forms': 'npm:@angular/forms/bundles/forms.umd.js',  
         
         // other libraries 
         'rxjs':  'npm:rxjs', 
         'angular-in-memory-web-api': 
            'npm:angular-in-memory-web-api/bundles/inmemory-web-api.umd.js' 
      }, 
     
      // packages tells the System loader how to load when no filename 
         and/or no extension 
      packages: { 
         app: { 
            defaultExtension: 'js' 
         }, 
         
         rxjs: { 
            defaultExtension: 'js' 
         } 
      } 
   
   }); 
})(this);

關於以上程式碼的一些關鍵點 -

  • 'npm:': 'node_modules/' 指示專案中所有 npm 模組所在的目錄。

  • app: 'app' 的對映指示載入所有應用程式檔案所在的資料夾。

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