WPF - 3D 圖形



Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 提供了一項功能,可以根據您的應用程式要求繪製、轉換和製作 3D 圖形的動畫。它不支援全面的 3D 遊戲開發,但在一定程度上,您可以建立 3D 圖形。

透過組合 2D 和 3D 圖形,您還可以建立豐富多樣的控制元件,提供複雜的資料插圖,或改善應用程式介面的使用者體驗。Viewport3D 元素將 3D 模型置入我們的 WPF 應用程式中。

示例

讓我們透過一個簡單示例來了解如何使用 3D 圖形。

  • 使用名稱 WPF3DGraphics 建立一個新的 WPF 專案。

  • 以下 XAML 程式碼展示瞭如何使用 3D 幾何體建立 2D 物件。

<Window x:Class = "WPF3DGraphics.MainWindow" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:WPF3DGraphics" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "500" Width = "604"> 
	
   <Grid> 
      <Viewport3D> 
		
         <Viewport3D.Camera> 
            <PerspectiveCamera Position = "2,0,10" LookDirection = "0.2,0.4,-1"
               FieldOfView = "65" UpDirection = "0,1,0" /> 
         </Viewport3D.Camera> 
			
         <ModelVisual3D> 
            <ModelVisual3D.Content> 
               <Model3DGroup> 
                  <AmbientLight Color = "Bisque" /> 
						
                  <GeometryModel3D> 
                     <GeometryModel3D.Geometry> 
                        <MeshGeometry3D Positions = "0,0,0 0,8,0 10,0,0 8,8,0"
                           Normals = "0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1" TriangleIndices = "0,2,1 1,2,3"/> 
                     </GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
							
                     <GeometryModel3D.Material> 
                        <DiffuseMaterial Brush = "Bisque" /> 
                     </GeometryModel3D.Material> 
                  </GeometryModel3D>
						
               </Model3DGroup> 
            </ModelVisual3D.Content> 
         </ModelVisual3D> 
			
      </Viewport3D> 
   </Grid> 
	
</Window>                                

編譯並執行以上程式碼後,它將在 3D 中生成一個 2D 物件。

3d_output1

示例

讓我們來看另一個展示 3D 物件的示例。

  • 使用名稱 WPF3DGraphics1 建立一個新的 WPF 專案

  • 以下 XAML 程式碼建立了一個 3D 物件和一個滑塊。藉助該滑塊,您可以旋轉此 3D 物件。

<Window x:Class = "WPF3DGraphics1.MainWindow" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:WPF3DGraphics1" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "525"> 
	
   <Grid>
      <Viewport3D Name="viewport3D1">
		
         <Viewport3D.Camera> 
            <PerspectiveCamera x:Name = "camMain" Position = "6 5 4" LookDirection = "-6 -5 -4"> 
            </PerspectiveCamera> 
         </Viewport3D.Camera>
		
         <ModelVisual3D> 
            <ModelVisual3D.Content> 
               <DirectionalLight x:Name = "dirLightMain" Direction = "-1,-1,-1"> 
               </DirectionalLight> 
            </ModelVisual3D.Content> 
         </ModelVisual3D>
		
         <ModelVisual3D x:Name = "MyModel"> 
            <ModelVisual3D.Content> 
               <GeometryModel3D>
				
                  <GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
                     <MeshGeometry3D x:Name = "meshMain"
                        Positions = "0 0 0  1 0 0  0 1 0  1 1 0  0 0 1  1 0 1  0 1 1  0 1 1"  
                        TriangleIndices = "2 3 1  3 1 0  7 1 3  7 5 1  6 5 7  6 4 5  6 2 0
                        2 0 4  2 7 3  2 6 7  0 1 5  0 5 4"> 
                     </MeshGeometry3D> 
                  </GeometryModel3D.Geometry> 
					
                  <GeometryModel3D.Material> 
                     <DiffuseMaterial x:Name = "matDiffuseMain">
                        <DiffuseMaterial.Brush> 
                           <SolidColorBrush Color = "Bisque"/> 
                        </DiffuseMaterial.Brush> 
                     </DiffuseMaterial> 
                  </GeometryModel3D.Material> 
					
               </GeometryModel3D>
            </ModelVisual3D.Content>
			 
            <ModelVisual3D.Transform>                         
               <RotateTransform3D> 
                  <RotateTransform3D.Rotation> 
                     <AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name = "rotate" Axis = "1 2 1"/> 
                  </RotateTransform3D.Rotation> 
               </RotateTransform3D>
            </ModelVisual3D.Transform> 
			 
         </ModelVisual3D> 
      </Viewport3D>
		
      <Slider Height = "23" HorizontalAlignment = "Left"  
         Margin = "145,271,0,0" Name = "slider1" 
         VerticalAlignment = "Top" Width = "269"  
         Maximum = "360" 
         Value = "{Binding ElementName = rotate, Path=Angle}" /> 
			
   </Grid> 
	
</Window> 

執行應用程式後,它將在您的視窗中生成一個 3D 物件和一個滑塊。

3d Output1

滑動該滑塊時,您視窗上的物件也將旋轉。

3d Output2

我們建議您執行上述程式碼並嘗試更多 3D 幾何體。

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