MySQL - REPLACE 查詢



MySQL REPLACE 語句

一般來說,如果我們想向現有表中新增記錄,我們會使用 MySQL INSERT 語句。同樣,我們也可以使用 MySQL REPLACE 語句新增新記錄或替換現有記錄。REPLACE 語句類似於 INSERT 語句。

唯一的區別是,使用 INSERT 語句插入記錄時,如果現有列具有 UNIQUE 或 PRIMARY KEY 約束,並且新記錄為此列具有相同的值,則會生成錯誤。

對於 REPLACE 語句,如果嘗試插入新列,並且該列與具有 UNIQUE 或 PRIMARY KEY 約束的列具有重複值,則舊記錄將被新記錄完全替換。

語法

以下是 MySQL REPLACE 語句的語法:

REPLACE INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...columnN)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN);

其中,table_name 是需要插入資料的表名,(column1, column2, column3,...columnN) 是列名,(value1, value2, value3,...valueN) 是記錄中的值。

示例

讓我們從在 MySQL 資料庫中建立一個名為 CUSTOMERS 的表開始,該表在 ID 列上具有主鍵約束,如下所示:

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (
   ID INT NOT NULL,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE INT NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS CHAR (25),
   SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

以下查詢將兩條記錄新增到上面建立的表中:

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES 
(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 );

執行以下查詢以顯示 CUSTOMERS 表中存在的所有記錄:

select * FROM CUSTOMERS;

CUSTOMERS 表中的記錄如下:

ID 姓名 (NAME) 年齡 (AGE) 地址 (ADDRESS) 薪水 (SALARY)
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00

現在,讓我們嘗試插入另一條具有 ID2 的記錄:

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES
(2, 'Kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 );

由於 ID 列具有主鍵約束,因此會生成錯誤,如下所示:

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '2' for key 'customers.PRIMARY'

現在,使用 REPLACE 語句替換表中存在的記錄:

REPLACE INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES
(2, 'Kaushik', 20, 'Kota', 2000.00 );

輸出

執行上面的查詢將產生以下輸出:

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

驗證

執行以下 SELECT 語句以驗證新記錄是否已替換:

select * from CUSTOMERS;

正如我們在下面的輸出中看到的,現有記錄已被新記錄替換:

ID 姓名 (NAME) 年齡 (AGE) 地址 (ADDRESS) 薪水 (SALARY)
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Kaushik 20 Kota 2000.00

使用 REPLACE 語句插入記錄

當使用 REPLACE 語句插入記錄時,如果該記錄與表中任何現有記錄都不匹配,則它將作為新記錄新增。

示例

以下查詢使用 REPLACE 語句向上面的 CUSTOMERS 表中新增三條新記錄:

REPLACE INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES 
(3, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),
(4, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),
(5, 'Komal', 22, 'Hyderabad', 4500.00 );

輸出

執行上面的查詢將產生以下輸出:

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

驗證

執行以下查詢以驗證上述記錄是否已插入到 CUSTOMERS 表中:

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

正如我們在下面的 CUSTOMERS 表中看到的,上述記錄已作為新記錄插入到表中。

ID 姓名 (NAME) 年齡 (AGE) 地址 (ADDRESS) 薪水 (SALARY)
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Kaushik 20 Kota 2000.00
3 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
4 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
5 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00

使用客戶端程式替換記錄

除了使用 MySQL 查詢替換 MySQL 資料庫中表的記錄外,我們還可以使用客戶端程式執行 REPLACE 操作。

語法

以下是各種程式語言中使用 REPLACE 查詢的語法:

要透過 PHP 程式從 MySQL 資料庫替換表中的記錄,我們需要使用 mysqli 函式 query() 執行 REPLACE 語句,如下所示:

$sql="REPLACE INTO TABLE_NAME SET COLUMN_NAME1 = NEW_VALUE, COLUMN_NAME2 = NEW_VALUE...";
$mysqli->query($sql);

要透過 Node.js 程式從 MySQL 資料庫替換表中的記錄,我們需要使用 mysql2 庫的 query() 函式執行 REPLACE 語句,如下所示:

sql="REPLACE INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...columnN)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN)"
con.query(sql);

要透過 Java 程式從 MySQL 資料庫替換表中的記錄,我們需要使用 JDBC 函式 executeUpdate() 執行 REPLACE 語句,如下所示:

String sql="REPLACE INTO TABLE_NAME SET COLUMN_NAME1 = NEW_VALUE, COLUMN_NAME2 = NEW_VALUE...";
statement.executeUpdate(sql);

要透過 Java 程式替換 MySQL 資料庫中表中的記錄,我們需要使用 MySQL **Connector/Python** 的 **execute()** 函式執行 **ALTER** 語句,如下所示:

replace_query = "REPLACE INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...columnN)
   VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN)"
cursorObj.execute(replace_query );

示例

以下是一些程式示例:

$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$dbname = 'TUTORIALS';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbname);
if($mysqli->connect_errno ) {
   printf("Connect failed: %s
", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } //printf('Connected successfully.
'); $sql = "REPLACE INTO tutorials_tbl SET tutorial_id = 1, tutorial_title = 'Java Tutorial', tutorial_author = 'new_author'"; if($result = $mysqli->query($sql)){ printf("Replace statement executed successfully..! "); } $q = "SELECT * FROM tutorials_tbl"; if($res = $mysqli->query($q)){ printf("Records after replace statement are: "); while($row = mysqli_fetch_row($res)){ print_r ($row); } } if($mysqli->error){ printf("Failed..!" , $mysqli->error); } $mysqli->close();

輸出

獲得的輸出如下:

Replace statement executed successfully..!  Records after replace statement are: Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => Java Tutorial
    [2] => new_author
    [3] =>
)
Array
(
    [0] => 2
    [1] => PHP Tut
    [2] => unknown2
    [3] => 2023-08-12
)
var mysql = require('mysql2');

var con = mysql.createConnection({
    host: "localhost",
    user: "root",
    password: "Nr5a0204@123"
});

  //Connecting to MySQL
  con.connect(function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log("Connected!");

  //Selecting a Database
  sql = "USE TUTORIALS"
  con.query(sql);

  //Creating a table
  sql = "CREATE TABLE sales(ID INT UNIQUE, ProductName VARCHAR(255), CustomerName VARCHAR(255), DispatchDate date, DeliveryTime time, Price INT, Location VARCHAR(255));"
  con.query(sql);

  //Inserting records into table
  sql = "INSERT into sales values(1, 'Mouse', 'Puja', DATE('2019-03-01'), TIME('10:59:59'), 3000, 'Vijayawada');"
  con.query(sql);

  //Displaying records before replacing
  sql = "Select * from sales"
  con.query(sql, function (err, result) {
      if (err) throw err;
      console.log(result);
      console.log("************************************************")
  });

  //Replacing the record
  sql = "REPLACE into sales values(1, 'Mobile', 'Vanaja', DATE('2019-03-01'), TIME('10:10:52'), 9000, 'Chennai');"
  con.query(sql);

  //Displaying records after replacing
  sql = "Select * from sales"
  con.query(sql, function (err, result) {
      if (err) throw err;
      console.log(result);
  });
});

輸出

生成的輸出如下:

Connected!
[
  {
    ID: 1,
    ProductName: 'Mouse',
    CustomerName: 'Puja',
    DispatchDate: 2019-02-28T18:30:00.000Z,
    DeliveryTime: '10:59:59',
    Price: 3000,
    Location: 'Vijayawada'
  }
]
************************************************
[
  {
    ID: 1,
    ProductName: 'Mobile',
    CustomerName: 'Vanaja',
    DispatchDate: 2019-02-28T18:30:00.000Z,
    DeliveryTime: '10:10:52',
    Price: 9000,
    Location: 'Chennai'
  }
]
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class ReplaceQuery {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String url = "jdbc:mysql://:3306/TUTORIALS";
		String user = "root";
		String password = "password";
		ResultSet rs;
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            Statement st = con.createStatement();
            //System.out.println("Database connected successfully...!");
            String sql = "REPLACE INTO tutorials_tbl SET tutorial_id = 1, tutorial_title = 'Java Tutorial', tutorial_author = 'John Smith'";
            st.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println("Replace query executed successfully..!");
            String sql1 = "SELECT * FROM tutorials_tbl";
            rs = st.executeQuery(sql1);
            System.out.println("Table records: ");
            while(rs.next()) {
            	String tutorial_id = rs.getString("tutorial_id");
            	String tutorial_title = rs.getString("tutorial_title");
            	String tutorial_author = rs.getString("tutorial_author");
            	String submission_date = rs.getString("submission_date");
            	System.out.println("Id: " + tutorial_id + ", Title: " + tutorial_title + ", Author: " +  tutorial_author + ", Submission_date: " + submission_date);
            }
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

輸出

獲得的輸出如下所示:

Replace query executed successfully..!
Table records: 
Id: 1, Title: Java Tutorial, Author: John Smith, Submission_date: null
Id: 2, Title: Angular Java, Author: Abdul S, Submission_date: 2023-08-08
Id: 3, Title: Learning Java, Author: Sanjay, Submission_date: 2007-05-06
Id: 4, Title: Python Tutorial, Author: Sasha Lee, Submission_date: 2016-09-04
Id: 5, Title: Hadoop Tutorial, Author: Chris Welsh, Submission_date: 2023-08-08
import mysql.connector
import datetime
#establishing the connection
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
    host='localhost',
    user='root',
    password='password',
    database='tut')
#Creating a cursor object 
cursorObj = connection.cursor()
replace_query = "REPLACE INTO tutorials_tbl (tutorial_id, tutorial_title, tutorial_author, submission_date) VALUES (3, 'Learning Java', 'John Doe', '2023-07-28')"
cursorObj.execute(replace_query)
connection.commit()
print("REPLACE query executed successfully.")
cursorObj.close()
connection.close()

輸出

以上程式碼的輸出如下:

REPLACE query executed successfully.
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