MySQL - 更新檢視



MySQL 的UPDATE語句用於各種資料庫物件,以更新其中的現有資料。這是一個 DML(資料操縱語言)命令。

在使用 UPDATE 語句時,我們需要小心,因為它可能會修改物件中的所有記錄,如果沒有事先選擇的話。為了避免丟失或重新插入正確的資料,我們使用子句來過濾需要更新的記錄。這樣,我們可以有選擇地更新一行或多行。

MySQL UPDATE 檢視語句

在 MySQL 中,檢視是一個數據庫物件,可以包含來自現有表中的行(全部或選定)。它可以從一個或多個表建立,這取決於提供的 SQL 查詢以建立檢視。

沒有直接的語句來更新 MySQL 檢視。我們使用 UPDATE 語句修改檢視中的全部或選擇性記錄。結果也會反映在原始表中。

語法

帶有 WHERE 子句的 UPDATE 查詢的基本語法如下:

UPDATE view_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2...., columnN = valueN
WHERE [condition];	

注意:我們可以使用 AND 或 OR 運算子組合 N 個條件。

示例

首先,讓我們使用以下查詢建立一個名為 CUSTOMERS 的表:

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(
   ID int NOT NULL,
   NAME varchar(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE int NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS varchar(25),
   SALARY decimal(18, 2),
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

現在,我們使用 INSERT 語句將一些記錄插入此表,如下所示:

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES 
(1, 'Ramesh', '32', 'Ahmedabad', 2000),
(2, 'Khilan', '25', 'Delhi', 1500),
(3, 'Kaushik', '23', 'Kota', 2500),
(4, 'Chaitali', '26', 'Mumbai', 6500),
(5, 'Hardik','27', 'Bhopal', 8500),
(6, 'Komal', '22', 'MP', 9000),
(7, 'Muffy', '24', 'Indore', 5500);

建立檢視:

以下查詢根據上面建立的表建立檢視:

CREATE VIEW CUSTOMERS_VIEW AS SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

使用以下查詢,我們可以驗證檢視的內容:

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS_VIEW;

檢視將顯示如下:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

更新此檢視:

現在,透過我們建立的檢視,我們嘗試使用以下查詢將 Ramesh 的年齡更新為 35,在原始 CUSTOMERS 表中:

UPDATE CUSTOMERS_VIEW SET AGE = 35 WHERE name = 'Ramesh';

這最終將更新基礎表 CUSTOMERS,並且相同的更改將反映在檢視本身中。

驗證

使用 SELECT 查詢,我們可以檢索包含以下記錄的實際 CUSTOMERS 表:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 35 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

更新多行和多列

在 MySQL 中,我們可以使用 UPDATE 語句更新表的多個行和列。要更新多行,請在 WHERE 子句中指定條件,以便只有所需的行滿足該條件。

要更新多列,請將新值設定為需要更新的所有列。在這種情況下,使用 WHERE 子句將縮小表的記錄範圍,而不使用該子句將更改這些列中的所有值。

語法

以下是更新多行和多列的語法:

UPDATE table_name
SET column_name1 = new_value, column_name2 = new_value...
WHERE condition(s)

示例

在以下查詢中,我們嘗試修改 CUSTOMERS 表中 WHERE ID = 3 的 NAME 和 AGE 列值

UPDATE CUSTOMERS_VIEW 
SET NAME = 'Kaushik', AGE = 24
WHERE ID = 3;

驗證

使用 SELECT 查詢,我們可以檢索包含以下記錄的 CUSTOMERS 表:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 35 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 24 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

示例

如果我們想修改 CUSTOMERS 表中 AGE 列的所有記錄,我們可以使用以下查詢:

UPDATE CUSTOMERS_VIEW SET AGE = 24;

輸出

此查詢產生以下輸出:

Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 7  Changed: 5  Warnings: 0

驗證

使用 SELECT 查詢,我們顯示包含以下記錄的 CUSTOMERS 表:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 24 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 24 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 24 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 24 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 24 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 24 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

使用客戶端程式更新檢視

我們已經學習瞭如何使用 SQL UPDATE 查詢更新檢視。除此之外,我們還可以使用其他客戶端程式對檢視執行更新操作。

語法

要透過 PHP 程式更新 MySQL 資料庫中的檢視,我們需要使用名為query()mysqli函式執行 UPDATE 或 ALTER 語句,如下所示:

$sql = "ALTER VIEW first_view AS SELECT tutorial_id, tutorial_title, tutorial_author FROM clone_table WHERE tutorial_id = 101";
$mysqli->query($sql);

要透過 JavaScript 程式更新 MySQL 資料庫中的檢視,我們需要使用mysql2庫的query()函式執行 UPDATE 或 ALTER 語句,如下所示:

sql = "UPDATE CUSTOMERS_VIEW SET AGE = 35 WHERE name = 'Ramesh'";
con.query(sql);  

要透過 Java 程式更新 MySQL 資料庫中的檢視,我們需要使用 **JDBC** 函式 **executeUpdate()** 執行 UPDATE 或 ALTER 語句,如下所示:

String sql = "ALTER VIEW first_view AS select tutorial_id, tutorial_title, tutorial_author from tutorials_tbl where tutorial_id = 1";
st.execute(sql);

要透過 Python 程式更新 MySQL 資料庫中的檢視,我們需要使用 **MySQL Connector/Python** 的 **execute()** 函式執行 UPDATE 或 ALTER 語句,如下所示:

update_view_query = "UPDATE tutorial_view SET tutorial_title = 'New Title' WHERE tutorial_id = 2"
cursorObj.execute(update_view_query)

示例

以下是程式:

$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$dbname = 'TUTORIALS';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbname);

if ($mysqli->connect_errno) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s
", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } // printf('Connected successfully.
'); // A view can be updated by using the CREATE OR REPLACE; $sql = "ALTER VIEW first_view AS SELECT tutorial_id, tutorial_title, tutorial_author FROM clone_table WHERE tutorial_id = 101"; if ($mysqli->query($sql)) { printf("View updated successfully!.
"); } if ($mysqli->errno) { printf("View could not be updated!.
", $mysqli->error); } $mysqli->close();

輸出

獲得的輸出如下所示:

View updated successfully!. 
var mysql = require('mysql2');
var con = mysql.createConnection({
    host: "localhost",
    user: "root",
    password: "Nr5a0204@123"
});

  //Connecting to MySQL
  con.connect(function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log("Connected!");
  console.log("--------------------------");

  sql = "create database TUTORIALS"
  con.query(sql);

  sql = "USE TUTORIALS"
  con.query(sql);

  sql = "CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(ID int NOT NULL, NAME varchar(20) NOT NULL, AGE int NOT NULL, ADDRESS varchar(25), SALARY decimal(18, 2), PRIMARY KEY (ID) );"
  con.query(sql);

  sql = "INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (1, 'Ramesh',32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),(2, 'Khilan',25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ),(3, 'kaushik',23, 'Kota', 2000.00),(4,'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),(5, 'Hardik',27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),(6, 'Komal',22, 'MP', 4500.00 ),(7, 'Muffy',24, 'Indore', 10000.00 );"
  con.query(sql);

  sql = "CREATE VIEW CUSTOMERS_VIEW AS SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;"
  con.query(sql);

  //Displaying contents of the view
  sql = "SELECT * from CUSTOMERS_VIEW;"
  con.query(sql, function(err, result){
    if (err) throw err
    console.log("**CUSTOMERS_VIEW View:**");
    console.log(result);
    console.log("--------------------------");
  });

  sql = "UPDATE CUSTOMERS_VIEW SET AGE = 35 WHERE name = 'Ramesh'";
  con.query(sql);

  //retrieving the base table
  sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;"
  con.query(sql, function(err, result){
    if (err) throw err
    console.log("**Base Table(CUSTOMERS):**");
    console.log(result);
  });
});  

輸出

產生的輸出如下所示:

Connected!
--------------------------
**CUSTOMERS_VIEW View:**
[
  {ID: 1, NAME: 'Ramesh', AGE: 32, ADDRESS: 'Ahmedabad', SALARY: '2000.00'},
  {ID: 2, NAME: 'Khilan', AGE: 25, ADDRESS: 'Delhi', SALARY: '1500.00'},
  {ID: 3, NAME: 'kaushik', AGE: 23, ADDRESS: 'Kota', SALARY: '2000.00'},
  {ID: 4, NAME: 'Chaitali', AGE: 25, ADDRESS: 'Mumbai', SALARY: '6500.00'},
  {ID: 5, NAME: 'Hardik', AGE: 27, ADDRESS: 'Bhopal', SALARY: '8500.00'},
  {ID: 6, NAME: 'Komal', AGE: 22, ADDRESS: 'MP', SALARY: '4500.00' },
  {ID: 7, NAME: 'Muffy', AGE: 24, ADDRESS: 'Indore', SALARY: '10000.00'}
]
--------------------------
**Base Table(CUSTOMERS):**
[
  {ID: 1, NAME: 'Ramesh', AGE: 35, ADDRESS: 'Ahmedabad', SALARY: '2000.00'},
  {ID: 2, NAME: 'Khilan', AGE: 25, ADDRESS: 'Delhi', SALARY: '1500.00'},
  {ID: 3, NAME: 'kaushik', AGE: 23, ADDRESS: 'Kota', SALARY: '2000.00'},
  {ID: 4, NAME: 'Chaitali', AGE: 25, ADDRESS: 'Mumbai', SALARY: '6500.00'},
  {ID: 5, NAME: 'Hardik', AGE: 27, ADDRESS: 'Bhopal', SALARY: '8500.00'},
  {ID: 6, NAME: 'Komal', AGE: 22, ADDRESS: 'MP', SALARY: '4500.00' },
  {ID: 7, NAME: 'Muffy', AGE: 24, ADDRESS: 'Indore', SALARY: '10000.00'}
]
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class UpdateView {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String url = "jdbc:mysql://:3306/TUTORIALS";
      String username = "root";
      String password = "password";
      try {
         Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
         Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
         Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
         System.out.println("Connected successfully...!");

         //Update Created View.....
         String sql = "ALTER VIEW first_view AS select tutorial_id, tutorial_title, tutorial_author from tutorials_tbl where tutorial_id = 1";
         statement.execute(sql);
         System.out.println("Created view updated Successfully...!");
         ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM first_view");
         while (resultSet.next()) {
            System.out.print(resultSet.getInt(1)+" "+ resultSet.getString(2)+ " "+ resultSet.getString(3));
            System.out.println();
         }
         connection.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e);
      }
   }
}

輸出

獲得的輸出如下所示:

Connected successfully...!
Created view updated Successfully...!
1 Learn PHP John Paul
import mysql.connector
#establishing the connection
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
    host='localhost',
    user='root',
    password='password',
    database='tut'
)
cursorObj = connection.cursor()
update_view_query = """
UPDATE tutorial_view
SET tutorial_title = 'New Title'
WHERE tutorial_id = 2
"""
cursorObj.execute(update_view_query)
connection.commit()
print("View updated successfully.")
cursorObj.close()
connection.close()               

輸出

以下是上述程式碼的輸出:

View updated successfully.
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