MySQL - 派生表



MySQL 派生表

派生表與其名稱所描述的非常相似:它們是從另一個 MySQL 資料庫表(主表)派生的表。換句話說,派生表是從作為子查詢提供給另一個主表的 SELECT 語句的 SELECT 語句獲得的虛擬結果集。

此表類似於臨時表。但與臨時表不同,您無需單獨建立派生表;其中的記錄是使用子查詢從主表中檢索的。因此,類似於實際的資料庫表,派生表也可以顯示為計算、聚合函式等的結果集。

語法

以下是顯示 MySQL 中派生表的語法:-

SELECT column_name(s) FROM (subquery) AS derived_table_name;

示例

讓我們看一個簡單的示例,演示如何在 MySQL 中顯示派生表。在以下查詢中,我們正在建立一個新表CUSTOMERS -

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (
   ID INT NOT NULL,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE INT NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS CHAR (25),
   SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

以下查詢將 7 條記錄插入到上面建立的表中:

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES 
(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ),
(3, 'Kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 ),
(4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),
(5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),
(6, 'Komal', 22, 'Hyderabad', 4500.00 ),
(7, 'Muffy', 24, 'Indore', 10000.00 );

要檢索 CUSTOMERS 表的記錄,請執行以下查詢:

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;

以下是 CUSTOMERS 表中存在的記錄:

ID 姓名 年齡 地址 工資
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

現在,我們使用以下查詢從此 CUSTOMERS 表中檢索派生表

SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS) AS DERIVED_CUSTOMERS;

因此,派生表 DERIVED_CUSTOMERS 獲得,其屬性為 ID、NAME 和 SALARY。

ID 姓名 工資
1 Ramesh 2000.00
2 Khilan 1500.00
3 Kaushik 2000.00
4 Chaitali 6500.00
5 Hardik 8500.00
6 Komal 4500.00
7 Muffy 10000.00

使用 WHERE 子句

我們還可以使用 WHERE 子句過濾派生表中的記錄(或行)。以下是它的語法:-

SELECT column_name(s) FROM (subquery) AS derived_table_name WHERE [condition];

示例

在以下查詢中,我們從最初建立的 CUSTOMERS 表中檢索派生表。我們透過使用WHERE子句過濾其中的行來執行此操作:

SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS) AS DERIVED_CUSTOMERS 
WHERE DERIVED_CUSTOMERS.SALARY > 5000.00;

執行上面的查詢將產生以下輸出:

ID 姓名 工資
4 Chaitali 6500.00
5 Hardik 8500.00
7 Muffy 10000.00

在派生表中為列設定別名

在派生表中,不僅可以表名,還可以顯示內容時為列名設定別名。以下是語法:-

SELECT column_name(s) AS alias_name(s) FROM (subquery) AS derived_table_name;

示例

在下面的示例中,我們使用以下查詢顯示來自 CUSTOMERS 表的派生表,並帶有使用別名的列:

SELECT ID AS DERIVED_ID, NAME AS DERIVED_NAME, SALARY AS DERIVED_SALARY 
FROM (SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS) AS DERIVED_CUSTOMERS;

輸出

執行上面的查詢將產生以下輸出:

DERIVED_ID DERIVED_NAME DERIVED_SALARY
1 Ramesh 2000.00
2 Khilan 1500.00
3 Kaushik 2000.00
4 Chaitali 6500.00
5 Hardik 8500.00
6 Komal 4500.00
7 Muffy 10000.00

將聚合函式顯示為派生表

我們還可以將主表記錄上執行的聚合函式或計算的結果顯示為派生表。

以下是將聚合函式顯示為派生表的語法:-

SELECT function_name() FROM (subquery) AS derived_table_name;

示例

在以下查詢中,我們使用聚合 SUM() 函式計算 CUSTOMERS 表中的總工資:

SELECT SUM(SALARY) FROM (SELECT SALARY FROM CUSTOMERS) AS DERIVED_CUSTOMERS;

輸出

執行上面的查詢將產生以下輸出:

SUM(SALARY)
35000.00

示例

在以下查詢中,我們使用聚合 AVG() 函式計算 CUSTOMERS 表中客戶的平均工資。

SELECT AVG(DERIVED_SUM) AS AVERAGE_SALARY 
FROM (SELECT SUM(SALARY) AS DERIVED_SUM FROM CUSTOMERS) AS DERIVED_CUSTOMERS;

輸出

執行上面的查詢將產生以下輸出:

AVERAGE_SALARY
35000.000000

使用客戶端程式派生表

除了使用 MySQL 查詢從另一個數據庫表(主表)派生表之外,我們還可以使用 Node.js、PHP、Java 和 Python 等客戶端程式來獲得相同的結果。

語法

以下是各種程式語言中此操作的語法:-

要透過 PHP 程式從另一個數據庫表派生表,我們需要使用mysqli函式query()執行SELECT語句,如下所示:

$sql="SELECT col_1, col_2 FROM table_name WHERE col_name IN (SELECT col_name FROM table_name)";
$mysqli->query($sql);

要透過 Node.js 程式從另一個數據庫表派生表,我們需要使用mysql2庫的query()函式執行SELECT語句,如下所示:

sql ="SELECT column_name(s) FROM (subquery) AS derived_table_name";
con.query(sql);

要透過 Node.js 程式從另一個數據庫表派生表,我們需要使用JDBC函式executeUpdate()執行SELECT語句,如下所示:

String sql="SELECT col_1, col_2 FROM table_name WHERE col_name IN (SELECT col_name FROM table_name)";
statement.executeQuery(sql);

要透過 Node.js 程式從另一個數據庫表派生表,我們需要使用 MySQLConnector/Pythonexecute()函式執行SELECT語句,如下所示:

sql="SELECT col_1, col_2 FROM table_name WHERE col_name IN (SELECT col_name FROM table_name)";
cursorObj.execute(sql);

示例

以下是程式:

$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$dbname = 'TUTORIALS';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbname);

if ($mysqli->connect_errno) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s
", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } // printf('Connected successfully.
'); //derived table (sub query) $sql = "SELECT tutorial_title, tutorial_author FROM tutorials_table WHERE tutorial_id IN (SELECT tutorial_id FROM tutorials_table);"; if ($result = $mysqli->query("$sql")) { printf("Derived table query worked successfully!.
"); while ($res = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) { print_r($res); } } if ($mysqli->errno) { printf("Derived table could not be worked!.
", $mysqli->error); } $mysqli->close();

輸出

獲得的輸出如下:

Derived table query worked successfully!
Array
(
    [0] => MySQL
    [tutorial_title] => MySQL
    [1] => Aman kumar
    [tutorial_author] => Aman kumar
)
Array
(
    [0] => Python
    [tutorial_title] => Python
    [1] => Sarika Singh
    [tutorial_author] => Sarika Singh
)

var mysql = require('mysql2');
var con = mysql.createConnection({
    host: "localhost",
    user: "root",
    password: "Nr5a0204@123"
});

  //Connecting to MySQL
  con.connect(function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log("Connected!");
  console.log("--------------------------");

  sql = "USE TUTORIALS"
  con.query(sql);

  sql = "CREATE TABLE SAMPLE(ID INT NOT NULL,NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,AGE INT NOT NULL,ADDRESS CHAR(25),SALARY DECIMAL(18, 2),PRIMARY KEY (ID));"
  con.query(sql);

  sql = "INSERT INTO SAMPLE VALUES (1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ),(3, 'kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 ),(4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),(5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),(6, 'Komal', 22, 'MP', 4500.00 ),(7, 'Muffy', 24, 'Indore', 10000.00 );"
  con.query(sql);

  //retrieving a derived table
  sql = "SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY FROM (SELECT * FROM SAMPLE) AS DERIVED_SAMPLE;"
  con.query(sql, function(err, result){
    if (err) throw err
    console.log(result);
  });
});

輸出

產生的輸出如下:

Connected!
--------------------------
[
  { ID: 1, NAME: 'Ramesh', SALARY: '2000.00' },
  { ID: 2, NAME: 'Khilan', SALARY: '1500.00' },
  { ID: 3, NAME: 'kaushik', SALARY: '2000.00' },
  { ID: 4, NAME: 'Chaitali', SALARY: '6500.00' },
  { ID: 5, NAME: 'Hardik', SALARY: '8500.00' },
  { ID: 6, NAME: 'Komal', SALARY: '4500.00' },
  { ID: 7, NAME: 'Muffy', SALARY: '10000.00' }
]
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class DerivedTable {public static void main(String[] args) {
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://:3306/TUTORIALS";
    String username = "root";
    String password = "password";
    try {
        Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        System.out.println("Connected successfully...!");

        //Lock table....
        String sql = "SELECT tutorial_title, tutorial_author FROM tutorials_tbl WHERE tutorial_id IN (SELECT tutorial_id FROM tutorials_tbl)";
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
        System.out.println("Table derived successfully...!");
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            System.out.print(resultSet.getString(1)+ " " +resultSet.getString(2));
            System.out.println();
        }

        connection.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println(e);
    }
}
}

輸出

獲得的輸出如下所示:

Connected successfully...!
Table derived successfully...!
Learn PHP John Paul
Learn MySQL Abdul S
JAVA Tutorial Sanjay
Python Tutorial Sasha Lee
Hadoop Tutorial Chris Welsh
import mysql.connector
#establishing the connection
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
    host='localhost',
    user='root',
    password='password',
    database='tut'
)
table_name = 'tutorials_tbl'
# Main query with a derived table (subquery)
main_query = """
SELECT d.tutorial_id, d.tutorial_title, d.tutorial_author, d.submission_date
FROM (
    SELECT tutorial_id, tutorial_title, tutorial_author, submission_date
    FROM tutorials_tbl
    WHERE submission_date >= '2023-01-01'
) AS d
WHERE d.tutorial_author LIKE '%Paul%'
"""
cursorObj = connection.cursor()
cursorObj.execute(main_query)
result = cursorObj.fetchall()
print("Derived Table Result:")
for row in result:
    print(f"| {row[0]:<11} | {row[1]:<15} | {row[2]:<15} | {row[3]:<15} |")
cursorObj.close()
connection.close()

輸出

以下是上述程式碼的輸出:

Derived Table Result:
| 1           | Learn PHP       | John Paul       | <15 |

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