MySQL - BETWEEN 運算子



MySQL BETWEEN 運算子

MySQL 中的BETWEEN 運算子是 SQL 提供的一個邏輯運算子,用於限制要檢索資料值的範圍。檢索到的值可以是整數、字元或日期。

可以使用BETWEEN 運算子替換“大於等於 AND 小於等於”條件的組合。

讓我們透過以下示例表更好地理解:

between

語法

以下是 MySQL 中BETWEEN 運算子的語法:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

這裡,

  • value1 是範圍的起始值。
  • value2 是範圍的結束值(包含)。

示例

首先,讓我們使用以下查詢建立一個名為CUSTOMERS 的表:

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (
   ID INT NOT NULL,
   NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
   AGE INT NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS CHAR (25),
   SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),       
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
); 

讓我們使用以下 INSERT 查詢將一些值插入此表:

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES 
(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ),
(3, 'Kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 ),
(4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),
(5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),
(6, 'Komal', 22, 'Hyderabad', 4500.00 ),
(7, 'Muffy', 24, 'Indore', 10000.00 );

建立的表如下:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

現在,我們使用 BETWEEN 運算子檢索 AGE(數值資料)介於 20 和 25 之間的 CUSTOMERS 的詳細資訊:

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS 
WHERE AGE BETWEEN 20 AND 25;  

輸出

當我們執行以上查詢時,輸出結果如下:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

MySQL BETWEEN 與 IN 運算子

BETWEEN 運算子和 IN 運算子可以一起用於 MySQL 查詢,以選擇在指定範圍內且也與指定值匹配的值。

語法

以下是 MySQL 中BETWEEN 運算子的語法:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2
AND column_name IN (list_of_values);

示例

在此示例中,我們選擇薪資在 4000 到 10000 之間的所有客戶。此外,我們僅使用 SQL 中的IN 運算子檢索居住在 MP 和 Bhopal 的客戶。

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS 
WHERE SALARY BETWEEN 4000 AND 10000 
AND ADDRESS IN ('Hyderabad', 'Bhopal');

輸出

獲得以下結果:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00

MySQL BETWEEN 與 UPDATE 語句

MySQL 中的 UPDATE 語句用於修改資料庫表中的現有資料。在 UPDATE 語句中使用 BETWEEN 運算子以更新指定範圍內的值。

示例

讓我們使用以下查詢更新年齡介於 25 到 30 之間的客戶的薪資:

UPDATE CUSTOMERS 
SET SALARY = 10000 
WHERE AGE BETWEEN 20 AND 25;

驗證

讓我們使用以下查詢驗證薪資是否已更新:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 10000.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 10000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 10000.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 10000.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

BETWEEN 運算子與 DELETE 語句

我們還可以在 DELETE 語句中使用 BETWEEN 運算子以刪除指定範圍內的行。

示例

現在,讓我們使用 DELETE 命令刪除年齡介於 18 到 20 之間的客戶。

DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS 
WHERE AGE BETWEEN 20 AND 22;  

驗證

讓我們使用以下查詢驗證指定年齡的員工是否已刪除:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

MySQL NOT BETWEEN 運算子

MySQL 中的NOT BETWEEN 運算子是 BETWEEN 運算子的否定。這用於檢索不存在於指定範圍或時間間隔內的資料。

語法

以下是 MySQL 中NOT BETWEEN 運算子的語法:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

示例

考慮 CUSTOMERS 表以檢索年齡不在 20 到 25(數值資料)之間的客戶的詳細資訊,使用以下查詢。

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS 
WHERE AGE NOT BETWEEN 20 AND 25;

輸出

以下是輸出結果:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00

NOT BETWEEN 運算子與 IN 運算子

與 BETWEEN 運算子類似,我們還可以將 NOT BETWEEN 運算子與 IN 運算子結合使用。這是為了選擇超出範圍且也不與指定值匹配的值。

示例

在以下查詢中,我們選擇薪資在 1000 到 5000 之間的客戶。此外,我們沒有使用 SQL 中的IN 運算子檢索居住在 Bhopal 的員工。

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS 
WHERE SALARY NOT BETWEEN 1000 AND 5000 
AND ADDRESS NOT IN ('Bhopal');

輸出

以下是輸出結果:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

使用客戶端程式的 Between 運算子

我們還可以使用客戶端程式在 MySQL 表上應用 BETWEEN 運算子。

語法

以下是各種程式語言中 MySQL 表中 Between 運算子的語法:

要在 MySQL 中透過 PHP 程式執行 Between 運算子,我們需要使用名為query()mysqli 函式執行帶有 BETWEEN 語句的 SQL 查詢,如下所示:

$sql = "SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name 
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2";
$mysqli->query($sql);

要在 MySQL 中透過 JavaScript 程式執行 Between 運算子,我們需要使用名為mysql2query()函式執行包含 BETWEEN 語句的 SQL 查詢,如下所示:

sql = " SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name 
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2";
con.query(sql);

要在 MySQL 中透過 Java 程式執行 Between 運算子,我們需要使用名為executeQuery()JDBC 4 型別驅動程式函式執行包含 BETWEEN 語句的 SQL 查詢,如下所示:

String sql = "SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name 
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2";
statement.executeQuery(sql);

要在 MySQL 中透過 Java 程式執行 Between 運算子,我們需要使用名為execute()MySQL Connector/Python函式執行包含 BETWEEN 語句的 SQL 查詢,如下所示:

between_query = "SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name 
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2"
cursorObj.execute(between_query);

示例

以下是此操作在各種程式語言中的實現:

$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$dbname = 'TUTORIALS';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbname);
if($mysqli->connect_errno ) {
   printf("Connect failed: %s
", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } //printf('Connected successfully.
'); $sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE SALARY BETWEEN 4000 AND 10000"; $result = $mysqli->query($sql); if ($result->num_rows > 0) { printf("Table records: \n"); while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) { printf("Id %d, Name: %s, Age: %d, Address %s, Salary %f", $row["ID"], $row["NAME"], $row["AGE"], $row["ADDRESS"], $row["SALARY"]); printf("\n"); } } else { printf('No record found.
'); } mysqli_free_result($result); $mysqli->close()

輸出

獲得的輸出如下所示:

Table records:
Id 5, Name: Hardik, Age: 27, Address Vishakapatnam, Salary 8500.000000
Id 6, Name: Komal, Age: 0, Address Vishakapatnam, Salary 4500.000000
Id 7, Name: Muffy, Age: 24, Address , Salary 10000.000000    
var mysql = require('mysql2');
var con = mysql.createConnection({
    host: "localhost",
    user: "root",
    password: "Nr5a0204@123"
});

  //Connecting to MySQL
  con.connect(function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log("Connected!");
  console.log("--------------------------");

  //Creating a Database
  sql = "create database TUTORIALS"
  con.query(sql);

  //Select database
  sql = "USE TUTORIALS"
  con.query(sql);

  //Creating CUSTOMERS table
  sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employee_tbl(id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, work_date DATE, daily_typing_pages INT);"
  con.query(sql);

  //Inserting Records
  sql = "INSERT INTO employee_tbl(id, name, work_date, daily_typing_pages) VALUES(1, 'John', '2007-01-24', 250), (2, 'Ram', '2007-05-27', 220), (3, 'Jack', '2007-05-06', 170), (3, 'Jack', '2007-04-06', 100), (4, 'Jill', '2007-04-06', 220),(5, 'Zara', '2007-06-06', 300),(5, 'Zara', '2007-02-06', 350);"
  con.query(sql);

  //Using BETWEEN Clause
  sql = "SELECT * FROM employee_tbl WHERE daily_typing_pages BETWEEN 170 AND 300;"
  con.query(sql, function(err, result){
    if (err) throw err
    console.log(result)
  });
});       

輸出

生成的輸出如下所示:

Connected!
--------------------------
[
  {
    id: 1,
    name: 'John',
    work_date: 2007-01-23T18:30:00.000Z,
    daily_typing_pages: 250
  },
  {
    id: 2,
    name: 'Ram',
    work_date: 2007-05-26T18:30:00.000Z,
    daily_typing_pages: 220
  },
  {
    id: 3,
    name: 'Jack',
    work_date: 2007-05-05T18:30:00.000Z,
    daily_typing_pages: 170
  },
  {
    id: 4,
    name: 'Jill',
    work_date: 2007-04-05T18:30:00.000Z,
    daily_typing_pages: 220
  },
  {
    id: 5,
    name: 'Zara',
    work_date: 2007-06-05T18:30:00.000Z,
    daily_typing_pages: 300
  }
]        
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class BetweenClause {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://:3306/TUTORIALS";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "password";
        ResultSet rs;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            Statement st = con.createStatement();
            //System.out.println("Database connected successfully...!");
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS";
            rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
            System.out.println("Table records before update: ");
            while(rs.next()) {
                String id = rs.getString("Id");
                String name = rs.getString("Name");
                String age = rs.getString("Age");
                String address = rs.getString("Address");
                String salary = rs.getString("Salary");
                System.out.println("Id: " + id + ", Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age + ", Addresss: " + address + ", Salary: " + salary);
            }
            String sql1 = "UPDATE CUSTOMERS SET SALARY = 10000 WHERE AGE BETWEEN 20 AND 25";
            st.executeUpdate(sql1);
            String sql2 = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS";
            rs = st.executeQuery(sql2);
            System.out.println("Table records after update: ");
            while(rs.next()) {
                String id = rs.getString("Id");
                String name = rs.getString("Name");
                String age = rs.getString("Age");
                String address = rs.getString("Address");
                String salary = rs.getString("Salary");
                System.out.println("Id: " + id + ", Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age + ", Addresss: " + address + ", Salary: " + salary);
            }
        }catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}                          

輸出

獲得的輸出如下所示:

Table records before update: 
Id: 1, Name: Ramesh, Age: 32, Addresss: Hyderabad, Salary: null
Id: 2, Name: Khilan, Age: 25, Addresss: null, Salary: 10000.00
Id: 3, Name: kaushik, Age: null, Addresss: Hyderabad, Salary: 2000.00
Id: 4, Name: Chaital, Age: 25, Addresss: Mumbai, Salary: 10000.00
Id: 5, Name: Hardik, Age: 27, Addresss: Vishakapatnam, Salary: 8500.00
Id: 6, Name: Komal, Age: null, Addresss: Vishakapatnam, Salary: 4500.00
Id: 7, Name: Muffy, Age: 24, Addresss: null, Salary: 10000.00
Table records after update: 
Id: 1, Name: Ramesh, Age: 32, Addresss: Hyderabad, Salary: null
Id: 2, Name: Khilan, Age: 25, Addresss: null, Salary: 10000.00
Id: 3, Name: kaushik, Age: null, Addresss: Hyderabad, Salary: 2000.00
Id: 4, Name: Chaital, Age: 25, Addresss: Mumbai, Salary: 10000.00
Id: 5, Name: Hardik, Age: 27, Addresss: Vishakapatnam, Salary: 8500.00
Id: 6, Name: Komal, Age: null, Addresss: Vishakapatnam, Salary: 4500.00
Id: 7, Name: Muffy, Age: 24, Addresss: null, Salary: 10000.0            
import mysql.connector
#establishing the connection
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
    host='localhost',
    user='root',
    password='password',
    database='tut'
)
cursorObj = connection.cursor()
between_query = f"""
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE SALARY BETWEEN 4000 AND 10000;
"""
cursorObj.execute(between_query)
# Fetching all the rows that meet the criteria
filtered_rows = cursorObj.fetchall()
for row in filtered_rows:
    print(row)
cursorObj.close()
connection.close()                         

輸出

以下是上述程式碼的輸出:

(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Hyderabad', Decimal('4000.00'))
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Kerala', Decimal('8000.00'))
(5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Vishakapatnam', Decimal('10000.00'))
(6, 'Komal', 29, 'Vishakapatnam', Decimal('7000.00'))
(7, 'Muffy', 24, 'Delhi', Decimal('10000.00'))         
廣告