Spring Boot - WebSocket

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在本章中，讓我們瞭解如何使用 Spring Boot 和 WebSocket 構建互動式 Web 應用程式。

要在 Spring Boot 中使用 WebSocket 構建互動式 Web 應用程式，您需要新增以下依賴項。

Maven 使用者應在 pom.xml 檔案中新增以下依賴項。

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
   <artifactId>webjars-locator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
   <artifactId>sockjs-client</artifactId>
   <version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
   <artifactId>stomp-websocket</artifactId>
   <version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
   <artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
   <version>3.3.7</version>        </dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
   <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
   <version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>

Gradle 使用者可以在 build.gradle 檔案中新增以下依賴項：

compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-websocket")
compile("org.webjars:webjars-locator")
compile("org.webjars:sockjs-client:1.0.2")
compile("org.webjars:stomp-websocket:2.3.3")
compile("org.webjars:bootstrap:3.3.7")
compile("org.webjars:jquery:3.1.0")

讓我們建立一個訊息處理控制器來處理 STOMP 訊息。STOMP 訊息可以路由到 @Controller 類檔案。例如，GreetingController 對映到處理目標為“/hello”的訊息。

package com.tutorialspoint.websocketapp;

import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class GreetingController {
   @MessageMapping("/hello")
   @SendTo("/topic/greetings")
   public Greeting greeting(HelloMessage message) throws Exception {
      Thread.sleep(1000); // simulated delay
      return new Greeting("Hello, " + message.getName() + "!");
   }
}

現在，為 STOMP 訊息配置 Spring。編寫一個 WebSocketConfig 類檔案，該檔案擴充套件 AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer 類，如下所示。

package com.tutorialspoint.websocketapp;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig extends AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
   @Override
   public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
      config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
      config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
   }
   @Override
   public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
      registry.addEndpoint("/tutorialspoint-websocket").withSockJS();
   }
}

@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker 註解用於配置 WebSocket 訊息代理以建立 STOMP 端點。

您可以在 src/main/resources/static/index.html 下建立一個瀏覽器客戶端檔案，如下所示：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>Hello WebSocket</title>
      <link href = "/webjars/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel = "stylesheet">
      <link href = "/main.css" rel = "stylesheet">
      <script src = "/webjars/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>
      <script src = "/webjars/sockjs-client/sockjs.min.js"></script>
      <script src = "/webjars/stomp-websocket/stomp.min.js"></script>
      <script src = "/app.js"></script>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <noscript>
         <h2 style = "color: #ff0000">
            Seems your browser doesn't support Javascript! Websocket relies on Javascript being
            enabled. Please enable Javascript and reload this page!
         </h2>
      </noscript>
      <div id = "main-content" class = "container">
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-md-6">
               <form class = "form-inline">
                  <div class = "form-group">
                     <label for = "connect">WebSocket connection:</label>
                     <button id = "connect" class = "btn btn-default" type = "submit">Connect</button>
                     <button id = "disconnect" class = "btn btn-default" type = "submit" disabled = "disabled">Disconnect
                     </button>
                  </div>
               </form>
            </div>
            
            <div class = "col-md-6">
               <form class = "form-inline">
                  <div class = "form-group">
                     <label for = "name">What is your name?</label>
                     <input type = "text" id = "name" class = "form-control" placeholder = "Your name here...">
                  </div>
                  <button id = "send" class = "btn btn-default" type = "submit">Send</button>
               </form>
            </div>
         </div>
         
         <div class  =  "row">
            <div class  =  "col-md-12">
               <table id  =  "conversation" class = "table table-striped">
                  <thead>
                     <tr>
                        <th>Greetings</th>
                     </tr>
                  </thead>
                  <tbody id  =  "greetings"></tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </div>
      </div>
   </body>
</html>

讓我們建立一個 app.js 檔案，使用 STOMP 來使用和生成訊息。

var stompClient = null;

function setConnected(connected) {
   $("#connect").prop("disabled", connected);
   $("#disconnect").prop("disabled", !connected);
   
   if (connected) {
      $("#conversation").show();
   } else {
      $("#conversation").hide();
   }
   $("#greetings").html("");
}

function connect() {
   var socket = new SockJS('/tutorialspoint-websocket');
   stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);
   stompClient.connect({}, function (frame) {
      setConnected(true);
      console.log('Connected: ' + frame);
      stompClient.subscribe('/topic/greetings', function (greeting) {
         showGreeting(JSON.parse(greeting.body).content);
      });
   });
}
function disconnect() {
   if (stompClient !== null) {
      stompClient.disconnect();
   }
   setConnected(false);
   console.log("Disconnected");
}
function sendName() {
   stompClient.send("/app/hello", {}, JSON.stringify({'name': $("#name").val()}));
}
function showGreeting(message) {
   $("#greetings").append("<tr><td>" + message + "</td></tr>");
}
$(function () {
   $( "form" ).on('submit', function (e) {e.preventDefault();});
   $( "#connect" ).click(function() { connect(); });
   $( "#disconnect" ).click(function() { disconnect(); });
   $( "#send" ).click(function() { sendName(); });
});

主 Spring Boot 應用程式的程式碼如下所示。

WebsocketappApplication.java

package com.tutorialspoint.websocketapp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class WebsocketappApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(WebsocketappApplication.class, args);
   }  
}

完整的構建配置檔案如下所示。

Maven – pom.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
   <artifactId>websocketapp</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <name>websocketapp</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.4</version>
   </parent>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
         <artifactId>webjars-locator</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
         <artifactId>sockjs-client</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.2</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
         <artifactId>stomp-websocket</artifactId>
         <version>2.3.3</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
         <artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
         <version>3.3.7</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
         <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
         <version>3.1.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   
   <properties>
      <java.version>21</java.version>
   </properties>
   
   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>
   
</project>

Gradle – build.gradle

buildscript {
   repositories {
      mavenCentral()
   }
   dependencies {
      classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.3.4")
   }
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'

jar {
   baseName = 'websocketapp'
   version =  '0.1.0'
}
sourceCompatibility = 21
targetCompatibility = 21

repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
   compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-websocket")
   compile("org.webjars:webjars-locator")
   compile("org.webjars:sockjs-client:1.0.2")
   compile("org.webjars:stomp-websocket:2.3.3")
   compile("org.webjars:bootstrap:3.3.7")
   compile("org.webjars:jquery:3.1.0")

   testCompile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
}

您可以建立一個可執行 JAR 檔案，並使用以下所示的 Maven 或 Gradle 命令執行 Spring Boot 應用程式：

對於 Maven，您可以使用以下命令：

mvn clean install

“BUILD SUCCESS”之後，您可以在 target 目錄下找到 JAR 檔案。

對於 Gradle，您可以使用以下命令：

gradle clean build

“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”之後，您可以在 build/libs 目錄下找到 JAR 檔案。

使用此處提供的命令執行 JAR 檔案：

java –jar <JARFILE>

現在，應用程式已在 Tomcat 埠 8080 上啟動，如圖所示。

Batch Service application started on Tomcat port

現在，在您的 Web 瀏覽器中訪問 URL **https://:8080/**，連線 WebSocket 併發送問候語並接收訊息。

Web Socket Send and Receive Message
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