MVVM – 應用程式首次使用

在本章中，我們將學習如何為簡單的輸入螢幕和您已經習慣的 WPF 應用程式使用 MVVM 模式。

讓我們看一個簡單的例子，其中我們將使用 MVVM 方法。

步驟 1 − 建立一個新的 WPF 應用程式專案 MVVMDemo。

步驟 2 − 將三個資料夾（模型、ViewModel 和檢視）新增到您的專案中。

步驟 3 − 在模型資料夾中新增一個 StudentModel 類，並將以下程式碼貼上到該類中

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MVVMDemo.Model {
 
   public class StudentModel {}
	
   public class Student : INotifyPropertyChanged {
      private string firstName; 
      private string lastName;
		
      public string FirstName { 
         get { 
            return firstName; 
         }
			
         set { 
            if (firstName != value) { 
               firstName = value; 
               RaisePropertyChanged("FirstName"); 
               RaisePropertyChanged("FullName"); 
            } 
         } 
      }
		
      public string LastName { 
         get {return lastName; } 
			
         set {
            if (lastName != value) { 
               lastName = value;
               RaisePropertyChanged("LastName");
               RaisePropertyChanged("FullName"); 
            } 
         } 
      }
		
      public string FullName { 
         get { 
            return firstName + " " + lastName; 
         } 
      }
		
      public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
		
      private void RaisePropertyChanged(string property) {
         if (PropertyChanged != null) {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property));
         } 
      } 
   } 
}

步驟 4 − 在 ViewModel 資料夾中新增另一個 StudentViewModel 類，並貼上以下程式碼。

using MVVMDemo.Model; 
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

namespace MVVMDemo.ViewModel { 

   public class StudentViewModel { 
	
      public ObservableCollection<Student> Students { 
         get; 
         set; 
      }
		
      public void LoadStudents() { 
         ObservableCollection<Student> students = new ObservableCollection<Student>();
				
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Mark", LastName = "Allain" }); 
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Allen", LastName = "Brown" }); 
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Linda", LastName = "Hamerski" }); 
			
         Students = students; 
      } 
   } 
}

步驟 5 − 右鍵單擊檢視資料夾並選擇新增 > 新建項…，新增一個新的使用者控制元件 (WPF)。

步驟 6 − 單擊新增按鈕。現在，您將看到 XAML 檔案。將以下程式碼新增到 StudentView.xaml 檔案，其中包含不同的 UI 元素。

<UserControl x:Class = "MVVMDemo.Views.StudentView" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" 
   d:DesignHeight = "300" d:DesignWidth = "300">
	
   <Grid> 
      <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment = "Left"> 
		
         <ItemsControl ItemsSource = "{Binding Path = Students}">
			
            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate> 
               <DataTemplate> 
                  <StackPanel Orientation = "Horizontal">
                     <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = FirstName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
                        Width = "100" Margin = "3 5 3 5"/>
								
                     <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = LastName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
                        Width = "100" Margin = "0 5 3 5"/>
								
                     <TextBlock Text = "{Binding Path = FullName, Mode = OneWay}" 
                        Margin = "0 5 3 5"/>
								
                  </StackPanel> 
               </DataTemplate> 
            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate> 
				
         </ItemsControl> 
			
      </StackPanel> 
   </Grid> 
	
</UserControl>

步驟 7 − 現在使用以下程式碼將 StudentView 新增到 MainPage.xaml 檔案中。

<Window x:Class = "MVVMDemo.MainWindow"
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo"
   xmlns:views = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views"
   mc:Ignorable = "d"
   Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "525">
	
   <Grid>
      <views:StudentView x:Name = "StudentViewControl" Loaded = "StudentViewControl_Loaded"/>
   </Grid>
	
</Window>

步驟 8 − 下面是在 MainPage.xaml.cs 檔案中實現 Loaded 事件，該事件將使用 ViewModel 更新檢視。

using System.Windows;

namespace MVVMDemo {

   /// <summary>
      /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
   /// </summary>
	
   public partial class MainWindow : Window {
	
      public MainWindow() {
         InitializeComponent();
      }
		
      private void StudentViewControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {
         MVVMDemo.ViewModel.StudentViewModel studentViewModelObject = 
            new MVVMDemo.ViewModel.StudentViewModel();
         studentViewModelObject.LoadStudents();
			
         StudentViewControl.DataContext = studentViewModelObject;
      }
   }
}

步驟 9 − 當編譯並執行上述程式碼時，您將在主視窗上收到以下輸出。

我們建議您分步執行上述示例，以便更好地理解。