Flex - 建立應用程式

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我們將使用 Flash Builder 4.5 來建立 Flex 應用程式。讓我們從一個簡單的HelloWorld應用程式開始。

步驟 1 – 建立專案

第一步是使用 Flash Builder IDE 建立一個簡單的 Flex 專案。使用選項檔案 > 新建 > Flex 專案啟動專案嚮導。現在使用嚮導視窗將您的專案命名為HelloWorld，如下所示：

Create Flex Project Wizard

選擇應用程式型別Web（在 Adobe Flash Player 中執行）。但是，如果未選中此選項，則保留其他預設值，然後單擊“完成”按鈕。專案成功建立後，您的專案資源管理器中將包含以下內容：

Flex Project Structure

以下是所有重要資料夾的簡要說明：

資料夾 位置
表格 table-bordered

原始碼 (mxml/as 類) 檔案。

我們建立了 com/tutorialspoint/client 資料夾結構，其中包含負責客戶端 UI 顯示的客戶端特定 Java 類。
bin-debug

這是輸出部分，它代表實際的可部署 Web 應用程式。

History 資料夾包含 Flex 應用程式歷史管理的支援檔案。

framework_xxx.swf，Flex 應用程式應使用 Flex 框架檔案。

HelloWorld.html，Flex 應用程式的包裝器/宿主 HTML 檔案。

HelloWorld.swf，我們的基於 Flex 的應用程式。

playerProductInstall.swf，Flash Player 快速安裝程式。

spark_xxx.swf，Spark 元件支援庫。

swfobject.js，負責在 HelloWorld.html 中載入 HelloWorld.swf 的 JavaScript。它檢查 Flash Player 版本並將初始化引數傳遞給 HelloWorld.swf 檔案。

textLayout_xxx.swf，文字元件支援庫。
html-template

這代表可配置的 Web 應用程式。Flash Builder 將 html-template 中的檔案編譯到 bin-debug 資料夾。

History 資料夾包含 Flex 應用程式歷史管理的支援檔案。

index.template.html，Flex 應用程式的包裝器/宿主 HTML 檔案，其中包含 Flash Builder 特定配置的佔位符。在構建過程中編譯到 bin-debug 資料夾中的 HelloWorld.html。

playerProductInstall.swf，Flash Player 快速安裝程式在構建過程中被複制到 bin-debug 資料夾。

swfobject.js，負責在 HelloWorld.html 中載入 HelloWorld.swf 的 JavaScript。它檢查 Flash Player 版本並將初始化引數傳遞給 HelloWorld.swf 檔案，在構建過程中被複制到 bin-debug 資料夾。

步驟 2 – 建立外部 CSS 檔案

為html-template資料夾中的包裝器 HTML 頁面建立一個 CSS 檔案styles.css。

html, body { 
   height:100%;
}

body { 
   margin:0; 
   padding:0; 
   overflow:auto; 
   text-align:center;		
}   

object:focus { 
   outline:none; 
}

#flashContent { 
   display:none;	
}

.pluginHeader {
   font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
   font-size:14px;
   color:#9b1204;
   text-decoration:none;
   font-weight:bold;
}

.pluginInstallText {
   font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
   font-size:12px;
   color:#000000;
   line-height:18px;
   font-style:normal;
}

.pluginText { 
   font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
   font-size:12px;
   color:#000000;
   line-height:18px;
   font-style:normal;
}

步驟 3 – 修改包裝器 HTML 頁面模板

修改html-template資料夾中的包裝器 HTML 頁面模板index.template.html。Flash Builder 將建立一個預設的包裝器 HTML 頁面模板html-template/index.template.html，該模板將編譯為 HelloWorld.html。

此檔案包含 Flash Builder 在編譯過程中替換的佔位符。例如，Flash Player 版本、應用程式名稱等。

讓我們修改此檔案以在未安裝 Flash 外掛的情況下顯示自定義訊息。

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang = "en" xml:lang = "en">
   
   <head>
      <title>${title}</title>
      <meta name = "google" value = "notranslate" />
      <meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset = utf-8" />
      <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "styles.css" type = "text/css"></link>
      <link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "history/history.css" />
      <script type = "text/javascript" table table-bordered = "history/history.js">
      </script>
      <script type = "text/javascript" table table-bordered = "swfobject.js"></script>
      
      <script type = "text/javascript">
         // For version detection, set to min. required Flash Player version,
         //or 0 (or 0.0.0), for no version detection.
         var swfVersionStr = "${version_major}.${version_minor}.${version_revision}";

         // To use express install, set to playerProductInstall.swf,
         //otherwise the empty string.
         var xiSwfUrlStr = "${expressInstallSwf}";
         var flashvars = {};
         var params = {};
         params.quality = "high";
         params.bgcolor = "${bgcolor}";
         params.allowscriptaccess = "sameDomain";
         params.allowfullscreen = "true";
         
         var attributes = {};
         attributes.id = "${application}";
         attributes.name = "${application}";
         attributes.align = "middle";
         swfobject.embedSWF (
            "${swf}.swf", "flashContent",
            "${width}", "${height}",
            swfVersionStr, xiSwfUrlStr,
            flashvars, params, attributes);

         // JavaScript enabled so display the flashContent div in case
         //it is not replaced with a swf object.
         swfobject.createCSS("#flashContent", "display:block;text-align:left;");
      </script>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div id = "flashContent">
         <p style = "margin:100px;">

            <table width = "700" cellpadding = "10" cellspacing = "2" border = "0">
               <tr>
                  <td class = "pluginHeader">Flash Player Required</td>
               </tr>
               
               <tr>
                  <td class = "pluginText">The Adobe Flash Player version
                     10.2.0 or greater is required.</td>
               </tr>
               
               <tr>
                  <td class = "pluginInstallText" align = "left">
               
                  <table border = "0" width = "100%">
                     <tr class = "pluginInstallText" >
                        <td>Click here to download and install Adobe Flash Player:</td>
                        <td> </td>
                        <td align = "right">
                           <script type = "text/javascript">
                              var pageHost
                                 = ((document.location.protocol == "https:") ? "https://" : "http://");
                              document.write("<a target = '_blank'"
                                 +" href = 'http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/'><"
                                 +"img style = 'border-style: none' table table-bordered = '"
                                 +pageHost
                                 +"www.adobe.com/images/shared/download_buttons/get_flash_player.gif'"
                                 +" alt = 'Get Adobe Flash player' /></a>" );
                           </script>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </table>
               </tr>
            </table>
         </p>
      </div>
      
      <noscript>
         <object classid = "clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
            width = "${width}" height = "${height}" id = "${application}">
            <param name = "movie" value = "${swf}.swf" />
            <param name = "quality" value = "high" />
            <param name = "bgcolor" value = "${bgcolor}" />
            <param name = "allowScriptAccess" value = "sameDomain" />
            <param name = "allowFullScreen" value = "true" />
         
            <!--[if !IE]>-->
            <object type = "application/x-shockwave-flash" data = "${swf}.swf"
               width = "${width}" height = "${height}">
               <param name = "quality" value = "high" />
               <param name = "bgcolor" value = "${bgcolor}" />
               <param name = "allowScriptAccess" value = "sameDomain" />
               <param name = "allowFullScreen" value = "true" />
            <!--<![endif]-->
         
            <!--[if gte IE 6]>-->
               <p>
                  <p style = "margin:100px;">
                     <table width = "700" cellpadding = "10" cellspacing = "2" 
                        border = "0">
                        <tr>
                           <td class = "pluginHeader">Flash Player Required</td>
                        </tr>
                        
                        <tr>
                           <td class = "pluginText">The Adobe Flash Player version
                           10.2.0 or greater is required.</td>
                        </tr>
                        
                        <tr>
                           <td class = "pluginInstallText" align = "left">

                           <table border = "0" width = "100%">
                              <tr class = "pluginInstallText" >
                                 <td>Click here to download and install Adobe Flash 
                                    Player:</td>
                                 <td> </td>
                                 <td align = "right">
                                    <script type = "text/javascript">
                                       var pageHost
                                          = ((document.location.protocol == "https:") ? "https://" : "http://");
                                       document.write("<a target = '_blank'"
                                          +" href = 'http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/'><"
                                          +"img style = 'border-style: none' table table-bordered = '"
                                          +pageHost
                                          +"www.adobe.com/images/shared/download_buttons/get_flash_player.gif'"
                                          +" alt = 'Get Adobe Flash player' /></a>" );
                                    </script>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </p>
               </p>
            <!--<![endif]-->
         
            <p style = "margin:100px;">
               <table width = "700" cellpadding = "10" cellspacing = "2" border = "0">
                  <tr><td class = "pluginHeader">Flash Player Required</td></tr>
                  <tr><td class = "pluginText">The Adobe Flash Player version
                     10.2.0 or greater is required.</td></tr>
                  <tr>
                     <td class = "pluginInstallText" align = "left">
                        <table border = "0" width = "100%">
                           <tr class = "pluginInstallText" >
                              <td>Click here to download and install Adobe Flash 
                                 Player:</td>
                              <td> </td>
                              <td align = "right">
                                 <script type = "text/javascript">
                                    var pageHost
                                       = ((document.location.protocol == "https:") ? "https://" : "http://");
                                    document.write("<a target = '_blank'"
                                       +" href = 'http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/'><"
                                       +"img style = 'border-style: none' table table-bordered = '"
                                       +pageHost
                                       +"www.adobe.com/images/shared/download_buttons/get_flash_player.gif'"
                                       +" alt = 'Get Adobe Flash player' /></a>" );
                                 </script>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </td>
                  </tr>
               </table>
            </p>
         <!--[if !IE]>-->
         </object>
         <!--<![endif]-->
         </object>
      </noscript>
   </body>
</html>

步驟 4 – 建立內部 CSS 檔案

為table tablebordered/com/tutorialspoint資料夾中的HelloWorld.mxml建立一個 CSS 檔案Style.css。Flex 為其 UI 控制元件提供的 CSS 樣式與 HTML UI 控制元件的 CSS 樣式類似。

/* CSS file */
@namespace s "library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark";
@namespace mx "library://ns.adobe.com/flex/mx";

.heading {
   fontFamily: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
   fontSize: 17px;
   color: #9b1204;
   textDecoration:none;
   fontWeight:normal;
}

.button {
   fontWeight: bold;			
}

.container {
   cornerRadius :10;
   horizontalCenter :0;	
   borderColor: #777777;
   verticalCenter:0;
   backgroundColor: #efefef;
}

步驟 5 – 修改入口級類

Flash Builder 將建立一個預設的 mxml 檔案table tablebordered/com.tutorialspoint/HelloWorld.mxml，該檔案具有應用程式的根標籤<application>容器。讓我們修改此檔案以顯示“Hello,World！”：

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<s:Application xmlns:fx = "http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009"
   xmlns:s = "library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark"
   xmlns:mx = "library://ns.adobe.com/flex/mx
   width = "100%" height = "100%"
      minWidth = "500" minHeight = "500"
      initialize = "application_initializeHandler(event)">
   
   <fx:Style source = "/com/tutorialspoint/client/Style.css" />
   <fx:Script>
      <![CDATA[
         import mx.controls.Alert;
         import mx.events.FlexEvent;
         protected function btnClickMe_clickHandler(event:MouseEvent):void {
            Alert.show("Hello World!");
         }

         protected function application_initializeHandler(event:FlexEvent):void {
            lblHeader.text = "My Hello World Application";
         }
      ]]>
   </fx:Script>
   
   <s:BorderContainer width = "500" height = "500" id = "mainContainer"
      styleName = "container">
      <s:VGroup width = "100%" height = "100%" gap = "50" horizontalAlign = "center"
         verticalAlign = "middle">
         <s:Label id = "lblHeader" fontSize = "40" color = "0x777777"
            styleName = "heading" />
         <s:Button label = "Click Me!" id = "btnClickMe"
            click = "btnClickMe_clickHandler(event)" styleName = "button" />
      </s:VGroup>
   </s:BorderContainer>
</s:Application>

您可以在同一源目錄中建立更多 mxml 或 ActionScript 檔案來定義新的應用程式或定義輔助例程。

步驟 6 – 構建應用程式

Flash Builder 預設情況下選中了自動構建。如果存在任何錯誤，請檢查問題檢視。完成更改後，您將不會看到任何錯誤。

步驟 7 – 執行應用程式

現在單擊執行應用程式執行應用程式選單並選擇HelloWorld應用程式以執行該應用程式。

Flex Run Button

如果一切正常，您應該會看到瀏覽器彈出視窗，應用程式啟動並執行。如果您的應用程式一切正常，它將產生以下結果：[線上試用]

因為您正在 Flash Player 中執行應用程式，所以它需要為您的瀏覽器安裝 Flash Player 外掛。只需按照螢幕上的說明安裝外掛即可。如果您已經為瀏覽器設定了 Flash Player 外掛，那麼您應該能夠看到以下輸出：

Flex Application Result

恭喜！您已使用Flex實現了您的第一個應用程式。

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