FlatBuffers - 向量

概述

向量資料型別是FlatBuffers的複合資料型別之一。它等同於我們使用的語言（例如Java等）中的陣列或列表。

繼續我們從FlatBuffers - 字串章節的劇院示例，以下是我們需要使用的語法，以指示FlatBuffers我們將建立一個向量：

theater.fbs

namespace com.tutorialspoint.theater;

table Theater {
   snacks:[string];  // vector of strings
   tickets:[float];    // vector of floats 	
}
root_type Theater;

現在我們的表格包含字串和浮點數的向量屬性。

從fbs檔案建立Java類

要使用FlatBuffers，我們現在必須使用flatc二進位制檔案從此“.fbs”檔案建立所需的類。讓我們看看如何做到這一點：

flatc  --java theater.fbs

這將在當前目錄的com > tutorialspoint > theater資料夾中建立一個Theater.java類。我們在應用程式中使用此類，類似於FlatBuffers - Schema章節中所做的。

使用從fbs檔案建立的Java類

建立和寫入向量

為了建立一個向量，我們需要首先準備標量型別陣列的偏移量，然後我們可以將向量新增到flat buffer中。

// create data for an array of strings
int popcorn = builder.createString("Popcorn");
int coke = builder.createString("Coke");
int chips = builder.createString("Chips");
int soda = builder.createString("Soda");

// create array for snacks
int[] snacks = {popcorn, coke, chips, soda};

// create offset for snacks vector
int snacksVector = Theater.createSnacksVector(builder, snacks);

// add details to the Theater FlatBuffer
Theater.addSnacks(builder, snacksVector);

以下示例程式碼顯示了建立字串和整數向量的過程。

TheaterWriter.java

package com.tutorialspoint.theater;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder;

public class TheaterWriter {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
      // create a flat buffer builder
      // it will be used to create Theater FlatBuffer
      FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024);

      // create data for an array of strings
      int popcorn = builder.createString("Popcorn");
      int coke = builder.createString("Coke");
      int chips = builder.createString("Chips");
      int soda = builder.createString("Soda");
      
      // create array for snacks
      int[] snacks = {popcorn, coke, chips, soda};
      
      // create array for tickets
      float[] tickets = {100.0f, 100.f, 200.f};
      
      // create offset for snacks vector
      int snacksVector = Theater.createSnacksVector(builder, snacks);
      
      // create offset for tickets vector
      int ticketsVector = Theater.createTicketsVector(builder, tickets);
      
      // create theater FlatBuffers using startTheater() method
      Theater.startTheater(builder);
      // add details to the Theater FlatBuffer
      Theater.addSnacks(builder, snacksVector);
      Theater.addTickets(builder, ticketsVector);       

      // mark end of data being entered in Greet FlatBuffer
      int theater = Theater.endTheater(builder);

      // finish the builder
      builder.finish(theater);

      // get the bytes to be stored
      byte[] data = builder.sizedByteArray();

      String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output";
      System.out.println("Saving theater to file: " + filename);
      // write the builder content to the file named theater_flatbuffers_output
      try(FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(filename)){
         output.write(data);
      }
      System.out.println("Saved theater with following data to disk: \n" + theater);
   }
}

讀取向量

為了讀取向量，我們有方法來獲取向量的長度和透過索引獲取條目，如下所示。

// iterate snacks vector of length determined by snacksLength() method
for(int i = 0; i < theater.snacksLength(); i++ ) {
   // get a snack by its index
   System.out.print(" " + theater.snacks(i));
}

以下示例程式碼顯示了讀取字串和整數向量的過程。

TheaterReader.java

package com.tutorialspoint.theater;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

public class TheaterReader {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {

      String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output";
      System.out.println("Reading from file " + filename);
      try(FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(filename)) {
         // get the serialized data
         byte[] data = input.readAllBytes();
         ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
         // read the root object in serialized data
         Theater theater = Theater.getRootAsTheater(buf);
         // print theater values 
         System.out.println("Snacks: ");
         for(int i = 0; i < theater.snacksLength(); i++ ) {
            System.out.print(" " + theater.snacks(i));
         }
         System.out.println("\nTickets: ");
         for(int i = 0; i < theater.ticketsLength(); i++ ) {
            System.out.print(" " + theater.tickets(i));
         }         
      }
   }
}

編譯專案

現在我們已經設定了讀取器和寫入器，讓我們編譯專案。

mvn clean install

序列化Java物件

現在，編譯後，讓我們首先執行寫入器：

> java -cp .\target\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterWriter

Saving theater information to file: theater_flatbuffers_output
Saved theater information with following data to disk:
96

反序列化序列化的物件

現在，讓我們執行讀取器從同一檔案讀取：

java -cp .\target\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterReader

Reading from file theater_flatbuffers_output
Snacks:
 Popcorn Coke Chips Soda
Tickets:
 100.0 100.0 200.0

因此，正如我們所看到的，我們能夠透過將二進位制資料反序列化為Theater物件來讀取序列化的向量。在下一章FlatBuffers - 結構體中，我們將瞭解結構體，一種複合型別。

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