Flat Buffers - 結構體



概述

struct 資料型別是 Flat Buffers 的複合資料型別之一。它用於建立不可變的資料結構。結構體佔用更少的記憶體,並且查詢速度很快。結構體通常是標量型別的組合。

繼續我們從 Flat Buffers - 字串 章節中的theater 示例,以下是我們需要使用的語法,以指示 FlatBuffers 我們將建立一個struct

theater.fbs

namespace com.tutorialspoint.theater;

struct Position {
   x: int;
   y: int;
   z: int;
}
table Theater {
   location: Position;
}
root_type Theater;

現在我們的表格包含定義為 Position 型別位置的結構體屬性。Position 是一個結構體,用於定義三個整數的資料結構。

從 fbs 檔案建立 Java 類

要使用 FlatBuffers,我們現在必須使用flatc二進位制檔案從這個“.fbs”檔案建立所需的類。讓我們看看如何操作:

flatc  --java theater.fbs

這將在當前目錄中的com > tutorialspoint > theater資料夾中建立TheaterPosition類。我們在應用程式中使用此類,類似於在Flat Buffers - 模式章節中所做的那樣。

使用從 fbs 檔案建立的 Java 類

建立和寫入結構體

為了建立一個結構體,我們需要首先準備標量型別陣列的偏移量,然後我們可以將向量新增到扁平緩衝區。

// create offset for location struct
int location = Position.createPosition(builder, 100, 110, 120);

// add details to the Theater FlatBuffer
Theater.addLocation(builder, location); 

以下示例程式碼顯示了建立整數結構體的過程。

TheaterWriter.java

package com.tutorialspoint.theater;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder;

public class TheaterWriter {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
      // create a flat buffer builder
      // it will be used to create Theater FlatBuffer
      FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024);

      // create offset for location struct
      int location = Position.createPosition(builder, 100, 110, 120);
      
      // create theater FlatBuffers using startTheater() method
      Theater.startTheater(builder);
      // add details to the Theater FlatBuffer
      Theater.addLocation(builder, location);      

      // mark end of data being entered in Greet FlatBuffer
      int theater = Theater.endTheater(builder);

      // finish the builder
      builder.finish(theater);

      // get the bytes to be stored
      byte[] data = builder.sizedByteArray();

      String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output";
      System.out.println("Saving theater to file: " + filename);
      // write the builder content to the file named theater_flatbuffers_output
      try(FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(filename)){
         output.write(data);
      }
      System.out.println("Saved theater with following data to disk: \n" + theater);
   }
}	

讀取結構體

為了讀取結構體,我們有方法可以獲取結構體的每個值。

Position position = theater.location();
System.out.println("x: " + position.x());
System.out.println("y: " + position.y());
System.out.println("z: " + position.z());

以下示例程式碼顯示了讀取整數結構體的過程。

TheaterReader.java

package com.tutorialspoint.theater;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

public class TheaterReader {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {

      String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output";
      System.out.println("Reading from file " + filename);
      try(FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(filename)) {
         // get the serialized data
         byte[] data = input.readAllBytes();
         ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
         // read the root object in serialized data
         Theater theater = Theater.getRootAsTheater(buf);
         // print theater values 
         System.out.println("Location: ");
         Position position = theater.location();
         System.out.println("x: " + position.x());
         System.out.println("y: " + position.y());
         System.out.println("z: " + position.z());        
      }
   }
}

編譯專案

現在我們已經設定了讀取器寫入器,讓我們編譯專案。

mvn clean install

序列化 Java 物件

現在,編譯後,讓我們首先執行寫入器

> java -cp .\target\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterWriter

Saving theater information to file: theater_flatbuffers_output
Saved theater information with following data to disk:
16

反序列化序列化物件

現在,讓我們執行讀取器從同一個檔案讀取:

java -cp .\target\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterReader

Reading from file theater_flatbuffers_output
Location:
x: 100
y: 110
z: 120

因此,正如我們所看到的,我們能夠透過將二進位制資料反序列化為Theater物件來讀取序列化的結構體。在下一章Flat Buffers - 聯合體中,我們將瞭解聯合體,這是一種複合型別。

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