FlatBuffers - 預設值

概述

我們已經在之前的例子中看到了如何序列化和反序列化FlatBuffers中的各種型別。如果沒有指定任何值，則會儲存預設值。如果我們為變數指定相同的預設值，則FlatBuffers不會分配額外的空間。

FlatBuffers根據下表支援其資料型別的預設值：

因此，如果未指定這些資料型別的資料，則它們將採用上述預設值。現在，讓我們繼續我們的劇院示例來演示其工作原理。

在這個例子中，我們將讓所有欄位都使用預設值。唯一指定的欄位將是劇院的名稱。

繼續我們來自Flat Buffers - 字串章節的劇院示例，以下是我們需要使用的語法，以指示FlatBuffers我們將建立各種資料型別：

theater.fbs

namespace com.tutorialspoint.theater;

enum PAYMENT_SYSTEM: int { CASH = 0, CREDIT_CARD = 1, DEBIT_CARD, APP = 3 }

table Theater {
   name:string;
   address:string;
   
   total_capacity:short;
   mobile:int;
   base_ticket_price:float;
   
   drive_in:bool;
   
   payment:PAYMENT_SYSTEM;
   
   snacks:[string];
   
   owner: TheaterOwner;
}

table TheaterOwner {
	name:string;
	address:string;
}
root_type Theater;

現在我們的劇院表格包含多個屬性。

從fbs檔案建立Java類

要使用FlatBuffers，我們現在必須使用flatc二進位制檔案從此“.fbs”檔案建立所需的類。讓我們看看如何做到這一點：

flatc --java theater.fbs

這將在當前目錄的com > tutorialspoint > theater資料夾中建立一個Theater、TheaterOwner和PAYMENT_SYSTEM類。我們在應用程式中使用此類，就像在Flat Buffers - Schema章節中所做的那樣。

使用從fbs檔案建立的Java類

TheaterWriter.java

package com.tutorialspoint.theater;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder;

public class TheaterWriter {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
      // create a flat buffer builder
      // it will be used to create Theater FlatBuffer
      FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024);
      
      // create offset for name
      int name = builder.createString("Mery");
      
      // create theater FlatBuffers using startTheater() method
      Theater.startTheater(builder);
      // add details to the Theater FlatBuffer
      Theater.addName(builder, name);      
      
      // mark end of data being entered in Greet FlatBuffer
      int theater = Theater.endTheater(builder);

      // finish the builder
      builder.finish(theater);

      // get the bytes to be stored
      byte[] data = builder.sizedByteArray();

      String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output";
      System.out.println("Saving theater to file: " + filename);
      // write the builder content to the file named theater_flatbuffers_output
      try(FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(filename)){
         output.write(data);
      }
      System.out.println("Saved theater with following data to disk: \n" + theater);
   }
}	

接下來，我們將有一個讀取器來讀取劇院資訊：

TheaterReader.java

package com.tutorialspoint.theater;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

public class TheaterReader {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {

      String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output";
      System.out.println("Reading from file " + filename);
      try(FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(filename)) {
         // get the serialized data
         byte[] data = input.readAllBytes();
         ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
         // read the root object in serialized data
         Theater theater = Theater.getRootAsTheater(buf);

         // print theater values 
         System.out.println("Name: " + theater.name());
         System.out.println("Address: " + theater.address());
         System.out.println("Total Capacity: " + theater.totalCapacity());
         System.out.println("Mobile: " + theater.mobile());
         System.out.println("Base Ticket Price: " + theater.baseTicketPrice());
         System.out.println("Drive In: " + theater.driveIn());
         System.out.println("Snacks: ");
         if(theater.snacksLength() != 0) {
            for(int i = 0; i < theater.snacksLength(); i++ ) {
               System.out.print(" " + theater.snacks(i));
            } 
         }else {
            System.out.println("Snacks are empty.");
         }

         System.out.println("Payment Method: " + PAYMENT_SYSTEM.name(theater.payment()));        
         System.out.println("Owner Details: ");
         TheaterOwner owner = theater.owner();
         if(owner != null) {
            System.out.println("Name: " + owner.name());
            System.out.println("Address: " + owner.address());        	 
         }else {
            System.out.println("Owner " + owner);
         }        
      }
   }
}

編譯專案

現在我們已經設定了讀取器和寫入器，讓我們編譯專案。

mvn clean install

序列化Java物件

現在，編譯後，讓我們首先執行寫入器：

java -cp .\target\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterWriter

Saving theater to file: theater_flatbuffers_output
Saved theater with following data to disk:
20

反序列化已序列化的物件

現在，讓我們執行讀取器從同一檔案中讀取：

java -cp .\target\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterReader

Reading from file theater_flatbuffers_output
Name: Mery
Address: null
Total Capacity: 0
Mobile: 0
Base Ticket Price: 0.0
Drive In: false
Snacks:
Snacks are empty.
Payment Method: CASH
Owner Details:
Owner null

因此，正如我們所看到的，我們能夠透過將二進位制資料反序列化為劇院物件來讀取預設值。