DocumentDB - 訪問控制

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DocumentDB 提供了控制對 DocumentDB 資源訪問的概念。對 DocumentDB 資源的訪問由主金鑰令牌或資源令牌控制。基於資源令牌的連線只能訪問令牌指定的資源，而不能訪問其他資源。資源令牌基於使用者許可權。

  • 首先，您建立了一個或多個使用者，這些使用者在資料庫級別定義。

  • 然後，您為每個使用者建立了一個或多個許可權，這些許可權基於您希望允許每個使用者訪問的資源。

  • 每個許可權都會生成一個資源令牌，該令牌允許對給定資源進行只讀或完全訪問，並且該資源可以是資料庫中的任何使用者資源。

  • 使用者在資料庫級別定義，許可權為每個使用者定義。

  • 使用者和許可權適用於資料庫中的所有集合。

讓我們來看一個簡單的例子，在這個例子中，我們將學習如何定義使用者和許可權以在 DocumentDB 中實現細粒度安全。

我們將從一個新的 DocumentClient 開始，並查詢 myfirstdb 資料庫。

private static async Task CreateDocumentClient() {
   // Create a new instance of the DocumentClient
   using (var client = new DocumentClient(new Uri(EndpointUrl), AuthorizationKey)) {
      database = client.CreateDatabaseQuery("SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.id =
         'myfirstdb'").AsEnumerable().First();
			
      collection = client.CreateDocumentCollectionQuery(database.CollectionsLink,
         "SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.id = 'MyCollection'").AsEnumerable().First();
			
      var alice = await CreateUser(client, "Alice");
      var tom = await CreateUser(client, "Tom");
   }
}

以下是 CreateUser 的實現。

private async static Task<User> CreateUser(DocumentClient client, string userId) {
   Console.WriteLine();
   Console.WriteLine("**** Create User {0} in {1} ****", userId, database.Id);
	
   var userDefinition = new User { Id = userId };
   var result = await client.CreateUserAsync(database.SelfLink, userDefinition);
   var user = result.Resource;
	
   Console.WriteLine("Created new user");
   ViewUser(user);
	
   return user;
}

步驟 1 - 建立兩個使用者，Alice 和 Tom，就像我們建立的任何資源一樣，我們使用所需的 Id 構造一個定義物件並呼叫 create 方法，在這種情況下，我們使用資料庫的 SelfLink 和 userDefinition 呼叫 CreateUserAsync。我們從其 resource 屬性中獲取結果，以獲取新建立的使用者物件。

現在檢視資料庫中的這兩個新使用者。

private static void ViewUsers(DocumentClient client) {
   Console.WriteLine(); 
   Console.WriteLine("**** View Users in {0} ****", database.Id);  
	
   var users = client.CreateUserQuery(database.UsersLink).ToList();
   var i = 0;
	
   foreach (var user in users) { 
      i++; 
      Console.WriteLine(); 
      Console.WriteLine("User #{0}", i); 
      ViewUser(user); 
   }
	
   Console.WriteLine();
   Console.WriteLine("Total users in database {0}: {1}", database.Id, users.Count); 
}
  
private static void ViewUser(User user) {
   Console.WriteLine("User ID: {0} ", user.Id); 
   Console.WriteLine("Resource ID: {0} ", user.ResourceId); 
   Console.WriteLine("Self Link: {0} ", user.SelfLink); 
   Console.WriteLine("Permissions Link: {0} ", user.PermissionsLink); 
   Console.WriteLine("Timestamp: {0} ", user.Timestamp); 
}

步驟 2 - 對資料庫的 UsersLink 呼叫 CreateUserQuery 以檢索所有使用者的列表。然後遍歷它們並檢視它們的屬性。

現在我們必須先建立它們。所以假設我們想允許 Alice 對 MyCollection 集合擁有讀/寫許可權，但 Tom 只能讀取集合中的文件。

await CreatePermission(client, alice, "Alice Collection Access", PermissionMode.All,
   collection);
	
await CreatePermission(client, tom, "Tom Collection Access", PermissionMode.Read,
   collection);

步驟 3 - 在 MyCollection 集合（即資源）上建立許可權，因此我們需要獲取該資源的 SelfLink。

步驟 4 - 然後為 Alice 在此集合上建立 Permission.All，為 Tom 在此集合上建立 Permission.Read。

以下是 CreatePermission 的實現。

private async static Task CreatePermission(DocumentClient client, User user,
   string permId, PermissionMode permissionMode, string resourceLink) {
   Console.WriteLine();
   Console.WriteLine("**** Create Permission {0} for {1} ****", permId, user.Id);
	
   var permDefinition = new Permission {
      Id = permId,
      PermissionMode = permissionMode,
      ResourceLink = resourceLink
   };
	
   var result = await client.CreatePermissionAsync(user.SelfLink, permDefinition);
   var perm = result.Resource;
   Console.WriteLine("Created new permission");
   ViewPermission(perm);
}

正如您現在應該預期的那樣，我們透過為新許可權建立定義物件來執行此操作，該物件包括一個 Id 和一個 permissionMode（Permission.All 或 Permission.Read），以及受許可權保護的資源的 SelfLink。

步驟 5 - 呼叫 CreatePermissionAsync 並從結果的 resource 屬性中獲取建立的許可權。

要檢視建立的許可權，以下是 ViewPermissions 的實現。

private static void ViewPermissions(DocumentClient client, User user) {
   Console.WriteLine(); 
   Console.WriteLine("**** View Permissions for {0} ****", user.Id);
	
   var perms = client.CreatePermissionQuery(user.PermissionsLink).ToList();
   var i = 0; 
	
   foreach (var perm in perms) {
      i++; 
      Console.WriteLine(); 
      Console.WriteLine("Permission #{0}", i); 
      ViewPermission(perm); 
   }  
	
   Console.WriteLine(); 
   Console.WriteLine("Total permissions for {0}: {1}", user.Id, perms.Count); 
}
  
private static void ViewPermission(Permission perm) {
   Console.WriteLine("Permission ID: {0} ", perm.Id); 
   Console.WriteLine("Resource ID: {0} ", perm.ResourceId); 
   Console.WriteLine("Permission Mode: {0} ", perm.PermissionMode);
   Console.WriteLine("Token: {0} ", perm.Token); 
   Console.WriteLine("Timestamp: {0} ", perm.Timestamp); 
}

這次，它是針對使用者許可權連結的許可權查詢，我們只需列出為使用者返回的每個許可權。

讓我們刪除 Alice 和 Tom 的許可權。

await DeletePermission(client, alice, "Alice Collection Access"); 
await DeletePermission(client, tom, "Tom Collection Access");

以下是 DeletePermission 的實現。

private async static Task DeletePermission(DocumentClient client, User user,
   string permId) {
   Console.WriteLine(); 
   Console.WriteLine("**** Delete Permission {0} from {1} ****", permId, user.Id);
	
   var query = new SqlQuerySpec {
      QueryText = "SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.id = @id", 
      Parameters = new SqlParameterCollection {
         new SqlParameter { Name = "@id", Value = permId }
      } 
   };
	
   Permission perm = client.CreatePermissionQuery(user.PermissionsLink, query)
      .AsEnumerable().First();  
   await client.DeletePermissionAsync(perm.SelfLink);  
   Console.WriteLine("Deleted permission {0} from user {1}", permId, user.Id); 
}

步驟 6 - 要刪除許可權，請按許可權 Id 查詢以獲取 SelfLink，然後使用 SelfLink 刪除許可權。

接下來，讓我們刪除使用者本身。讓我們刪除這兩個使用者。

await DeleteUser(client, "Alice"); 
await DeleteUser(client, "Tom");

以下是 DeleteUser 的實現。

private async static Task DeleteUser(DocumentClient client, string userId) {
   Console.WriteLine(); 
   Console.WriteLine("**** Delete User {0} in {1} ****", userId, database.Id);
	
   var query = new SqlQuerySpec { 
      QueryText = "SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.id = @id", 
      Parameters = new SqlParameterCollection {
         new SqlParameter { Name = "@id", Value = userId }
      } 
   };
	
   User user = client.CreateUserQuery(database.SelfLink, query).AsEnumerable().First();  
   await client.DeleteUserAsync(user.SelfLink);  
   Console.WriteLine("Deleted user {0} from database {1}", userId, database.Id); 
}

步驟 7 - 首先查詢以獲取她的 SelfLink，然後呼叫 DeleteUserAsync 刪除她的使用者物件。

以下是 CreateDocumentClient 任務的實現，在其中我們呼叫上述所有任務。

private static async Task CreateDocumentClient() {
   // Create a new instance of the DocumentClient
   using (var client = new DocumentClient(new Uri(EndpointUrl), AuthorizationKey)) {
      database = client.CreateDatabaseQuery("SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.id =
         'myfirstdb'").AsEnumerable().First();
			
      collection = client.CreateDocumentCollectionQuery(database.CollectionsLink,
         "SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.id = 'MyCollection'").AsEnumerable().First();
			
      ViewUsers(client);
		
      var alice = await CreateUser(client, "Alice");
      var tom = await CreateUser(client, "Tom");
      ViewUsers(client);
		
      ViewPermissions(client, alice);
      ViewPermissions(client, tom);
		
      string collectionLink = client.CreateDocumentCollectionQuery(database.SelfLink,
         "SELECT VALUE c._self FROM c WHERE c.id = 'MyCollection'")
         .AsEnumerable().First().Value;
			
      await CreatePermission(client, alice, "Alice Collection Access", PermissionMode.All,
         collectionLink);
			
      await CreatePermission(client, tom, "Tom Collection Access", PermissionMode.Read,
         collectionLink);
			
      ViewPermissions(client, alice);
      ViewPermissions(client, tom);
		
      await DeletePermission(client, alice, "Alice Collection Access");
      await DeletePermission(client, tom, "Tom Collection Access");
		
      await DeleteUser(client, "Alice");
      await DeleteUser(client, "Tom");
   }
}

編譯並執行上述程式碼後，您將收到以下輸出。

**** View Users in myfirstdb **** 
 
Total users in database myfirstdb: 0 
 
**** Create User Alice in myfirstdb **** 
Created new user 
          User ID: Alice 
      Resource ID: kV5oAC56NwA= 
        Self Link: dbs/kV5oAA==/users/kV5oAC56NwA=/ 
 Permissions Link: dbs/kV5oAA==/users/kV5oAC56NwA=/permissions/ 
        Timestamp: 12/17/2015 5:44:19 PM
		  
**** Create User Tom in myfirstdb **** 
Created new user 
          User ID: Tom 
      Resource ID: kV5oAALxKgA= 
        Self Link: dbs/kV5oAA==/users/kV5oAALxKgA=/ 
 Permissions Link: dbs/kV5oAA==/users/kV5oAALxKgA=/permissions/ 
        Timestamp: 12/17/2015 5:44:21 PM
		  
**** View Users in myfirstdb ****
  
User #1 
          User ID: Tom 
      Resource ID: kV5oAALxKgA= 
        Self Link: dbs/kV5oAA==/users/kV5oAALxKgA=/ 
 Permissions Link: dbs/kV5oAA==/users/kV5oAALxKgA=/permissions/ 
        Timestamp: 12/17/2015 5:44:21 PM 
		  
User #2 
          User ID: Alice 
      Resource ID: kV5oAC56NwA= 
        Self Link: dbs/kV5oAA==/users/kV5oAC56NwA=/ 
 Permissions Link: dbs/kV5oAA==/users/kV5oAC56NwA=/permissions/ 
        Timestamp: 12/17/2015 5:44:19 PM
		  
Total users in database myfirstdb: 2
  
**** View Permissions for Alice **** 
 
Total permissions for Alice: 0  

**** View Permissions for Tom **** 
 
Total permissions for Tom: 0  

**** Create Permission Alice Collection Access for Alice **** 
Created new permission 
    Permission ID: Alice Collection Access 
      Resource ID: kV5oAC56NwDON1RduEoCAA== 
  Permission Mode: All
            Token: type=resource&ver=1&sig=zB6hfvvleC0oGGbq5cc67w==;Zt3Lx 
Ol14h8pd6/tyF1h62zbZKk9VwEIATIldw4ZyipQGW951kirueAKdeb3MxzQ7eCvDfvp7Y/ZxFpnip/D G 
JYcPyim5cf+dgLvos6fUuiKSFSul7uEKqp5JmJqUCyAvD7w+qt1Qr1PmrJDyAIgbZDBFWGe2VT9FaBH o 
PYwrLjRlnH0AxfbrR+T/UpWMSSHtLB8JvNFZNSH8hRjmQupuTSxCTYEC89bZ/pS6fNmNg8=; 
        Timestamp: 12/17/2015 5:44:28 PM
		  
**** Create Permission Tom Collection Access for Tom **** 
Created new permission 
    Permission ID: Tom Collection Access 
      Resource ID: kV5oAALxKgCMai3JKWdfAA== 
  Permission Mode: Read 
            Token: type=resource&ver=1&sig=ieBHKeyi6EY9ZOovDpe76w==;92gwq 
V4AxKaCJ2dLS02VnJiig/5AEbPcfo1xvOjR10uK3a3FUMFULgsaK8nzxdz6hLVCIKUj6hvMOTOSN8Lt 7 
i30mVqzpzCfe7JO3TYSJEI9D0/5HbMIEgaNJiCu0JPPwsjVecTytiLN56FHPguoQZ7WmUAhVTA0IMP6 p 
jQpLDgJ43ZaG4Zv3qWJiO689balD+egwiU2b7RICH4j6R66UVye+GPxq/gjzqbHwx79t54=; 
        Timestamp: 12/17/2015 5:44:30 PM
		  
**** View Permissions for Alice ****
  
Permission #1 
    Permission ID: Alice Collection Access 
      Resource ID: kV5oAC56NwDON1RduEoCAA== 
  Permission Mode: All 
            Token: type=resource&ver=1&sig=BSzz/VNe9j4IPJ9M31Mf4Q==;Tcq/B 
X50njB1vmANZ/4aHj/3xNkghaqh1OfV95JMi6j4v7fkU+gyWe3mJasO3MJcoop9ixmVnB+RKOhFaSxE l 
P37SaGuIIik7GAWS+dcEBWglMefc95L2YkeNuZsjmmW5b+a8ELCUg7N45MKbpzkp5BrmmGVJ7h4Z4pf D 
rdmehYLuxSPLkr9ndbOOrD8E3bux6TgXCsgYQscpIlJHSKCKHUHfXWBP2Y1LV2zpJmRjis=; 
        Timestamp: 12/17/2015 5:44:28 PM
		  
Total permissions for Alice: 1
  
**** View Permissions for Tom ****
Permission #1 
    Permission ID: Tom Collection Access 
      Resource ID: kV5oAALxKgCMai3JKWdfAA== 
  Permission Mode: Read 
            Token: type=resource&ver=1&sig=NPkWNJp1mAkCASE8KdR6PA==;ur/G2 
V+fDamBmzECux000VnF5i28f8WRbPwEPxD1DMpFPqYcu45wlDyzT5A5gBr3/R3qqYkEVn8bU+een6Gl j 
L6vXzIwsZfL12u/1hW4mJT2as2PWH3eadry6Q/zRXHAxV8m+YuxSzlZPjBFyJ4Oi30mrTXbBAEafZhA 5 
yvbHkpLmQkLCERy40FbIFOzG87ypljREpwWTKC/z8RSrsjITjAlfD/hVDoOyNJwX3HRaz4=; 
        Timestamp: 12/17/2015 5:44:30 PM
		  
Total permissions for Tom: 1
  
**** Delete Permission Alice Collection Access from Alice **** 
Deleted permission Alice Collection Access from user Alice
  
**** Delete Permission Tom Collection Access from Tom **** 
Deleted permission Tom Collection Access from user Tom
  
**** Delete User Alice in myfirstdb **** 
Deleted user Alice from database myfirstdb
  
**** Delete User Tom in myfirstdb **** 
Deleted user Tom from database myfirstdb
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