C++程式:求解一元二次方程的所有根
一元二次方程的形式為 ax2 + bx + c。一元二次方程的根由以下公式給出:
共有三種情況:
b2 < 4*a*c - 根是非實數,即複數。
b2 = 4*a*c - 根是實數,且兩個根相同。
b2 > 4*a*c - 根是實數,且兩個根不同。
求解一元二次方程根的程式如下所示。
示例
#include<iostream> #include<cmath> using namespace std; int main() { int a = 1, b = 2, c = 1; float discriminant, realPart, imaginaryPart, x1, x2; if (a == 0) { cout << "This is not a quadratic equation"; }else { discriminant = b*b - 4*a*c; if (discriminant > 0) { x1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a); x2 = (-b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a); cout << "Roots are real and different." << endl; cout << "Root 1 = " << x1 << endl; cout << "Root 2 = " << x2 << endl; } else if (discriminant == 0) { cout << "Roots are real and same." << endl; x1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a); cout << "Root 1 = Root 2 =" << x1 << endl; }else { realPart = (float) -b/(2*a); imaginaryPart =sqrt(-discriminant)/(2*a); cout << "Roots are complex and different." << endl; cout << "Root 1 = " << realPart << " + " << imaginaryPart << "i" <<end; cout << "Root 2 = " << realPart << " - " << imaginaryPart << "i" <<end; } } return 0; }
輸出
Roots are real and same. Root 1 = Root 2 =-1
在上述程式中,首先計算判別式。如果判別式大於0,則兩個根都是實數且不同。
以下程式碼片段演示了這一點。
if (discriminant > 0) { x1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a); x2 = (-b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a); cout << "Roots are real and different." << endl; cout << "Root 1 = " << x1 << endl; cout << "Root 2 = " << x2 << endl; }
如果判別式等於0,則兩個根都是實數且相同。以下程式碼片段演示了這一點。
else if (discriminant == 0) { cout << "Roots are real and same." << endl; x1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a); cout << "Root 1 = Root 2 =" << x1 << endl; }
如果判別式小於0,則兩個根都是複數且不同。以下程式碼片段演示了這一點。
else { realPart = (float) -b/(2*a); imaginaryPart =sqrt(-discriminant)/(2*a); cout << "Roots are complex and different." << endl; cout << "Root 1 = " << realPart << " + " << imaginaryPart << "i" << endl; cout << "Root 2 = " << realPart << " - " << imaginaryPart << "i" << endl; }
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