Python 設計模式 - 原型

原型設計模式有助於隱藏類建立的例項的複雜性。現有物件的理念將不同於從頭開始建立的新物件。

新複製的物件如果需要可能在屬性中有一些變化。這種方法節省了用於產品開發的時間和資源。

如何實現原型模式？

現在讓我們瞭解如何實現原型模式。

import copy

class Prototype:

   _type = None
   _value = None

   def clone(self):
      pass

   def getType(self):
      return self._type

   def getValue(self):
      return self._value

class Type1(Prototype):

   def __init__(self, number):
      self._type = "Type1"
      self._value = number

   def clone(self):
      return copy.copy(self)

class Type2(Prototype):

   """ Concrete prototype. """

   def __init__(self, number):
      self._type = "Type2"
      self._value = number

   def clone(self):
      return copy.copy(self)

class ObjectFactory:

   """ Manages prototypes.
   Static factory, that encapsulates prototype
   initialization and then allows instatiation
   of the classes from these prototypes.
   """

   __type1Value1 = None
   __type1Value2 = None
   __type2Value1 = None
   __type2Value2 = None

   @staticmethod
   def initialize():
      ObjectFactory.__type1Value1 = Type1(1)
      ObjectFactory.__type1Value2 = Type1(2)
      ObjectFactory.__type2Value1 = Type2(1)
      ObjectFactory.__type2Value2 = Type2(2)

   @staticmethod
   def getType1Value1():
      return ObjectFactory.__type1Value1.clone()

   @staticmethod
   def getType1Value2():
      return ObjectFactory.__type1Value2.clone()

   @staticmethod
   def getType2Value1():
      return ObjectFactory.__type2Value1.clone()

   @staticmethod
   def getType2Value2():
      return ObjectFactory.__type2Value2.clone()

def main():
   ObjectFactory.initialize()
   
   instance = ObjectFactory.getType1Value1()
   print "%s: %s" % (instance.getType(), instance.getValue())
   
   instance = ObjectFactory.getType1Value2()
   print "%s: %s" % (instance.getType(), instance.getValue())
   
   instance = ObjectFactory.getType2Value1()
   print "%s: %s" % (instance.getType(), instance.getValue())
   
   instance = ObjectFactory.getType2Value2()
   print "%s: %s" % (instance.getType(), instance.getValue())

if __name__ == "__main__":
   main()

輸出

上述程式將生成以下輸出 −

輸出有助於使用現有物件建立新物件，在上述提到的輸出中這很明顯。