PostgreSQL - PHP 介面

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安裝

在最新版本的 PHP 5.3.x 中，PostgreSQL 擴充套件預設啟用。可以透過在編譯時使用 **--without-pgsql** 來停用它。您仍然可以使用 yum 命令來安裝 PHP -PostgreSQL 介面 -

yum install php-pgsql

在開始使用 PHP PostgreSQL 介面之前，請在 PostgreSQL 安裝目錄中找到 **pg_hba.conf** 檔案並新增以下行 -

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          md5

如果 postgres 伺服器未執行，您可以使用以下命令啟動/重啟它 -

[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]
Starting postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]

Windows 使用者必須啟用 php_pgsql.dll 才能使用此擴充套件。此 DLL 包含在最新版本的 PHP 5.3.x 的 Windows 發行版中。

有關詳細的安裝說明，請檢視我們的 PHP 教程及其官方網站。

PHP 介面 API

以下是重要的 PHP 例程，可以滿足您從 PHP 程式中使用 PostgreSQL 資料庫的要求。如果您正在尋找更復雜的應用程式，那麼您可以檢視 PHP 官方文件。

序號 API & 描述
1

resource pg_connect ( string $connection_string [, int $connect_type ] )

此函式開啟到由 connection_string 指定的 PostgreSQL 資料庫的連線。

如果將 PGSQL_CONNECT_FORCE_NEW 作為 connect_type 傳遞，則即使 connection_string 與現有連線相同，在第二次呼叫 pg_connect() 時也會建立一個新連線。
2

bool pg_connection_reset ( resource $connection )

此例程重置連線。它對錯誤恢復很有用。成功時返回 TRUE，失敗時返回 FALSE。
3

int pg_connection_status ( resource $connection )

此例程返回指定連線的狀態。返回 PGSQL_CONNECTION_OK 或 PGSQL_CONNECTION_BAD。
4

string pg_dbname ([ resource $connection ] )

此例程返回給定 PostgreSQL 連線資源的資料庫名稱。
5

resource pg_prepare ([ resource $connection ], string $stmtname, string $query )

此函式提交建立具有給定引數的預處理語句的請求並等待完成。
6

resource pg_execute ([ resource $connection ], string $stmtname, array $params )

此例程傳送執行具有給定引數的預處理語句的請求並等待結果。
7

resource pg_query ([ resource $connection ], string $query )

此例程在指定的資料庫連線上執行查詢。
8

array pg_fetch_row ( resource $result [, int $row ] )

此例程從與指定結果資源關聯的結果中獲取一行資料。
9

array pg_fetch_all ( resource $result )

此例程返回一個數組，其中包含結果資源中的所有行（記錄）。
10

int pg_affected_rows ( resource $result )

此例程返回 INSERT、UPDATE 和 DELETE 查詢影響的行數。
11

int pg_num_rows ( resource $result )

此例程返回 PostgreSQL 結果資源中的行數，例如 SELECT 語句返回的行數。
12

bool pg_close ([ resource $connection ] )

此例程關閉與給定連線資源關聯的 PostgreSQL 資料庫的非持久連線。
13

string pg_last_error ([ resource $connection ] )

此例程返回給定連線的最後一條錯誤訊息。
14

string pg_escape_literal ([ resource $connection ], string $data )

此例程轉義要插入文字欄位的文字。
15

string pg_escape_string ([ resource $connection ], string $data )

此例程轉義用於查詢資料庫的字串。

連線到資料庫

以下 PHP 程式碼顯示如何連線到本地機器上的現有資料庫，最後將返回資料庫連線物件。

<?php
   $host        = "host = 127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port = 5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }
?>

現在，讓我們執行上面給出的程式來開啟我們的資料庫 **testdb**：如果資料庫成功開啟，則會顯示以下訊息 -

Opened database successfully

建立表

以下 PHP 程式將用於在先前建立的資料庫中建立表 -

<?php
   $host        = "host = 127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port = 5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }
   
   $sql =<<<EOF
      CREATE TABLE COMPANY
      (ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
      NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
      AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
      ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
      SALARY         REAL);
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
   } else {
      echo "Table created successfully\n";
   }
   pg_close($db);
?>

執行上面給出的程式時，它將在您的 **testdb** 中建立 COMPANY 表，並顯示以下訊息 -

Opened database successfully
Table created successfully

INSERT 操作

以下 PHP 程式顯示瞭如何在上面示例中建立的 COMPANY 表中建立記錄 -

<?php
   $host        = "host=127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port=5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }

   $sql =<<<EOF
      INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );

      INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );

      INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );

      INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
   } else {
      echo "Records created successfully\n";
   }
   pg_close($db);
?>

執行上面給出的程式時，它將在 COMPANY 表中建立給定的記錄，並顯示以下兩行 -

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

SELECT 操作

以下 PHP 程式顯示瞭如何從上面示例中建立的 COMPANY 表中獲取和顯示記錄 -

<?php
   $host        = "host = 127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port = 5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }

   $sql =<<<EOF
      SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } 
   while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) {
      echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      echo "SALARY =  ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
   }
   echo "Operation done successfully\n";
   pg_close($db);
?>

執行上面給出的程式時，將產生以下結果。請注意，欄位按建立表時使用的順序返回。

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY =  20000

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY =  15000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY =  65000

Operation done successfully

UPDATE 操作

以下 PHP 程式碼顯示瞭如何使用 UPDATE 語句更新任何記錄，然後從我們的 COMPANY 表中獲取和顯示更新後的記錄 -

<?php
   $host        = "host=127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port=5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }
   $sql =<<<EOF
      UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;
EOF;
   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } else {
      echo "Record updated successfully\n";
   }
   
   $sql =<<<EOF
      SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } 
   while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) {
      echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      echo "SALARY =  ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
   }
   echo "Operation done successfully\n";
   pg_close($db);
?>

執行上面給出的程式時，將產生以下結果 -

Opened database successfully
Record updated successfully
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY =  15000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = 23
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY =  65000

ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = 32
SALARY =  25000

Operation done successfully

DELETE 操作

以下 PHP 程式碼顯示瞭如何使用 DELETE 語句刪除任何記錄，然後從我們的 COMPANY 表中獲取和顯示剩餘的記錄 -

<?php
   $host        = "host = 127.0.0.1";
   $port        = "port = 5432";
   $dbname      = "dbname = testdb";
   $credentials = "user = postgres password=pass123";

   $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials"  );
   if(!$db) {
      echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
   } else {
      echo "Opened database successfully\n";
   }
   $sql =<<<EOF
      DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;
EOF;
   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } else {
      echo "Record deleted successfully\n";
   }
   
   $sql =<<<EOF
      SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;

   $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
   if(!$ret) {
      echo pg_last_error($db);
      exit;
   } 
   while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)) {
      echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      echo "SALARY =  ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
   }
   echo "Operation done successfully\n";
   pg_close($db);
?>

執行上面給出的程式時，將產生以下結果 -

Opened database successfully
Record deleted successfully
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = 23
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY =  65000

ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = 32
SALARY =  25000

Operation done successfully
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