Spring AOP - 基於XML的異常丟擲後通知

異常丟擲後通知 (After-throwing) 是一種通知型別，它確保只有在方法透過丟擲異常退出時，才會執行通知。以下是異常丟擲後通知的語法。

語法

<aop:config>
   <aop:aspect id = "log" ref = "logging">
      <aop:pointcut id = "PointCut-id" expression = "execution( expression )"/>    
      <aop:after-throwing pointcut-ref = "PointCut-id" throwing = "ex" 
         method = "methodName"/>
   </aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

其中，

• PointCut-id - 切點的ID。

• ex - 將要丟擲的異常。

• methodName - 當被呼叫函式丟擲異常並退出時要呼叫的函式的名稱。

為了理解上述與異常丟擲後通知相關的概念，讓我們編寫一個示例來實現異常丟擲後通知。為了編寫包含一些通知的示例，讓我們準備好一個可用的 Eclipse IDE，並使用以下步驟建立一個 Spring 應用程式：

以下是Logging.java檔案的內容。這實際上是切面模組的一個示例，它定義了在各個點要呼叫的方法。

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Logging {
   /**
      * This is the method which I would like to execute
      * if there is an exception raised.
   */
   public void afterThrowingAdvice(IllegalArgumentException ex) {
      System.out.println("There has been an exception: " + ex.toString());   
   } 
}

以下是Student.java檔案的內容。

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Student {
   private Integer age;
   private String name;

   public void setAge(Integer age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   public Integer getAge() {
      System.out.println("Age : " + age );
	  return age;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public String getName() {
      System.out.println("Name : " + name );
      return name;
   }
   public void printThrowException(){
      System.out.println("Exception raised");
      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
   }
}

以下是MainApp.java檔案的內容。

package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");

      Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
      student.printThrowException();     
   }
}

以下是配置檔案Beans.xml的內容。

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
   xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd ">

   <aop:config>
      <aop:aspect id = "log" ref = "logging">
         <aop:pointcut id = "selectAll" 
         expression = "execution(* com.tutorialspoint.*.*(..))"/>
         <aop:after-throwing pointcut-ref = "selectAll" 
            throwing = "ex" method = "afterThrowingAdvice"/>         
      </aop:aspect>
   </aop:config>

   <!-- Definition for student bean -->
   <bean id = "student" class = "com.tutorialspoint.Student">
      <property name = "name"  value = "Zara" />
      <property name = "age"  value = "11"/>      
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for logging aspect -->
   <bean id = "logging" class = "com.tutorialspoint.Logging"/> 
</beans>

執行專案

建立原始檔和配置檔案後，執行應用程式。右鍵單擊應用程式中的MainApp.java，然後使用以Java應用程式執行命令。如果應用程式一切正常，它將列印以下訊息。

Exception raised
There has been an exception: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
   at com.tutorialspoint.Student.printThrowException(Student.java:25)
...