PyTorch - 實現第一個神經網路

PyTorch 具有建立和實現神經網路的特別功能。在本章中，我們將建立一個具有一個隱藏層並開發了一個輸出單元的簡單神經網路。

我們將使用以下步驟來實現使用 PyTorch 的第一個神經網路 −

步驟 1

首先，我們需要使用以下命令匯入 PyTorch 庫 −

import torch 
import torch.nn as nn

步驟 2

定義所有層和批處理大小以開始執行神經網路，如下所示 −

# Defining input size, hidden layer size, output size and batch size respectively
n_in, n_h, n_out, batch_size = 10, 5, 1, 10

步驟 3

由於神經網路包括輸入資料的組合以獲得各自的輸出資料，因此我們將按照以下給出的相同程式進行 −

# Create dummy input and target tensors (data)
x = torch.randn(batch_size, n_in)
y = torch.tensor([[1.0], [0.0], [0.0], 
[1.0], [1.0], [1.0], [0.0], [0.0], [1.0], [1.0]])

步驟 4

使用內建函式建立一個順序模型。使用以下程式碼行建立一個順序模型 −

# Create a model
model = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(n_in, n_h),
   nn.ReLU(),
   nn.Linear(n_h, n_out),
   nn.Sigmoid())

步驟 5

在梯度下降最佳化器的幫助下構造損失函式，如下所示 −

Construct the loss function
criterion = torch.nn.MSELoss()
# Construct the optimizer (Stochastic Gradient Descent in this case)
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr = 0.01)

步驟 6

使用具有給定程式碼行的迴圈來實現梯度下降模型 −

# Gradient Descent
for epoch in range(50):
   # Forward pass: Compute predicted y by passing x to the model
   y_pred = model(x)

   # Compute and print loss
   loss = criterion(y_pred, y)
   print('epoch: ', epoch,' loss: ', loss.item())

   # Zero gradients, perform a backward pass, and update the weights.
   optimizer.zero_grad()

   # perform a backward pass (backpropagation)
   loss.backward()

   # Update the parameters
   optimizer.step()

步驟 7

生成的結果如下 −

epoch: 0 loss: 0.2545787990093231
epoch: 1 loss: 0.2545052170753479
epoch: 2 loss: 0.254431813955307
epoch: 3 loss: 0.25435858964920044
epoch: 4 loss: 0.2542854845523834
epoch: 5 loss: 0.25421255826950073
epoch: 6 loss: 0.25413978099823
epoch: 7 loss: 0.25406715273857117
epoch: 8 loss: 0.2539947032928467
epoch: 9 loss: 0.25392240285873413
epoch: 10 loss: 0.25385022163391113
epoch: 11 loss: 0.25377824902534485
epoch: 12 loss: 0.2537063956260681
epoch: 13 loss: 0.2536346912384033
epoch: 14 loss: 0.25356316566467285
epoch: 15 loss: 0.25349172949790955
epoch: 16 loss: 0.25342053174972534
epoch: 17 loss: 0.2533493936061859
epoch: 18 loss: 0.2532784342765808
epoch: 19 loss: 0.25320762395858765
epoch: 20 loss: 0.2531369626522064
epoch: 21 loss: 0.25306645035743713
epoch: 22 loss: 0.252996027469635
epoch: 23 loss: 0.2529257833957672
epoch: 24 loss: 0.25285571813583374
epoch: 25 loss: 0.25278574228286743
epoch: 26 loss: 0.25271597504615784
epoch: 27 loss: 0.25264623761177063
epoch: 28 loss: 0.25257670879364014
epoch: 29 loss: 0.2525072991847992
epoch: 30 loss: 0.2524380087852478
epoch: 31 loss: 0.2523689270019531
epoch: 32 loss: 0.25229987502098083
epoch: 33 loss: 0.25223103165626526
epoch: 34 loss: 0.25216227769851685
epoch: 35 loss: 0.252093642950058
epoch: 36 loss: 0.25202515721321106
epoch: 37 loss: 0.2519568204879761
epoch: 38 loss: 0.251888632774353
epoch: 39 loss: 0.25182053446769714
epoch: 40 loss: 0.2517525553703308
epoch: 41 loss: 0.2516847252845764
epoch: 42 loss: 0.2516169846057892
epoch: 43 loss: 0.2515493929386139
epoch: 44 loss: 0.25148195028305054
epoch: 45 loss: 0.25141456723213196
epoch: 46 loss: 0.2513473629951477
epoch: 47 loss: 0.2512802183628082
epoch: 48 loss: 0.2512132525444031
epoch: 49 loss: 0.2511464059352875