ES6 - HTML DOM
每個網頁都位於瀏覽器視窗內，瀏覽器視窗可以被視為一個物件。
一個文件物件代表顯示在該視窗中的 HTML 文件。文件物件具有各種屬性，這些屬性引用其他物件，從而允許訪問和修改文件內容。
訪問和修改文件內容的方式稱為文件物件模型，或DOM。這些物件以層次結構組織。這種層次結構適用於網頁文件中物件的組織。
以下是一些重要物件的簡單層次結構：
目前存在多個 DOM。以下部分將詳細解釋每個 DOM，並描述如何使用它們來訪問和修改文件內容。
傳統 DOM - 這是在早期版本的 JavaScript 語言中引入的模型。它受到所有瀏覽器的良好支援，但只能訪問文件的某些關鍵部分，例如表單、表單元素和影像。
W3C DOM - 此文件物件模型允許訪問和修改所有文件內容，並由全球資訊網聯盟 (W3C) 標準化。該模型幾乎受到所有現代瀏覽器的支援。
IE4 DOM - 此文件物件模型是在 Microsoft Internet Explorer 瀏覽器的版本 4 中引入的。IE 5 及更高版本支援大多數基本的 W3C DOM 功能。
傳統 DOM
這是在早期版本的 JavaScript 語言中引入的模型。它受到所有瀏覽器的良好支援，但只能訪問文件的某些關鍵部分，例如表單、表單元素和影像。
此模型提供了一些只讀屬性，例如 title、URL 和 lastModified，這些屬性提供有關整個文件的資訊。除此之外，此模型還提供了各種方法，可用於設定和獲取文件屬性值。
傳統 DOM 中的文件屬性
以下是可以使用傳統 DOM 訪問的文件屬性列表。
| 序號 |
屬性及說明 |
| 1 |
alinkColor
已棄用 - 指定活動連結顏色的字串。
示例：document.alinkColor
|
| 2 |
anchors[ ]
錨點物件的陣列，每個錨點在文件中出現一個。
示例：document.anchors[0]、document.anchors[1] 等等
|
| 3 |
applets[ ]
小程式物件的陣列，每個小程式在文件中出現一個。
示例：document.applets[0]、document.applets[1] 等等
|
| 4 |
bgColor
已棄用 - 指定文件背景顏色的字串。
示例：document.bgColor
|
| 5 |
Cookie
具有特殊行為的字串值屬性，允許查詢和設定與此文件關聯的 Cookie。
示例：document.cookie
|
| 6 |
Domain
指定文件來源的網際網路域名的字串。用於安全目的。
示例：document.domain
|
| 7 |
embeds[ ]
表示使用
示例：document.embeds[0]、document.embeds[1] 等等
|
| 8 |
fgColor
指定文件預設文字顏色的字串。
示例：document.fgColor
|
| 9 |
forms[ ]
表單物件的陣列，文件中每個 HTML 表單出現一個。
示例：document.forms[0]、document.forms[1] 等等
|
| 10 |
images[ ]
表單物件的陣列，文件中每個帶有 HTML ![]() 標記的 HTML 表單出現一個。
示例：document.forms[0]、document.forms[1] 等等
|
| 11 |
lastModified
指定文件最近更改日期的只讀字串。
示例：document.lastModified
|
| 12 |
linkColor
已棄用 - 指定未訪問連結顏色的字串。
示例：document.linkColor
|
| 13 |
links[ ]
這是一個文件連結陣列。
示例：document.links[0]、document.links[1] 等等
|
| 14 |
Location
文件的 URL。已棄用，推薦使用 URL 屬性。
示例：document.location
|
| 15 |
plugins[ ]
embeds[ ] 的同義詞
示例：document.plugins[0]、document.plugins[1] 等等
|
| 16 |
Referrer
一個只讀字串，包含當前文件連結到的文件（如果有）的 URL。
示例：document.referrer
|
| 17 |
Title
標記的文字內容。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.title</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">18</td>
<td>
<p><b>URL</b></p>
<p>指定文件 URL 的只讀字串。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.URL</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">19</td>
<td>
<p><b>vlinkColor</b></p>
<p>已棄用 - 指定已訪問連結顏色的字串。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.vlinkColor</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div>
<h2>傳統 DOM 中的文件方法</h2>
<p>以下是傳統 DOM 支援的方法列表。</p>
<div class="table-wrapper"><table class="table table-bordered">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width:5%">序號</th>
<th style="text-align:center">屬性及說明</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">1</td>
<td>
<p><b>clear( )</b></p>
<p>已棄用 - 清除文件內容並返回空。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.clear( )</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">2</td>
<td>
<p><b>close( )</b></p>
<p>關閉使用 open( ) 方法開啟的文件流並返回空。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">3</td>
<td>
<p><b>open( )</b></p>
<p>刪除現有文件內容並開啟一個流，新文件內容可以寫入該流。返回空。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.open( )</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">4</td>
<td>
<p><b>write( value, ...)</b></p>
<p>將指定的字串插入到當前正在解析的文件中，或追加到使用 open( ) 開啟的文件中。返回空。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.write( value, ...)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">5</td>
<td>
<p><b>writeln( value, ...)</b></p>
<p>與 write( ) 相同，只是它將換行符追加到輸出中。返回空。</p>
<p><b>示例</b>：document.writeln( value, ...)</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div>
<p>我們可以使用 HTML DOM 找到任何 HTML 文件中的任何 HTML 元素。例如，如果網頁文件包含表單元素，則可以使用 JavaScript 將其稱為 document.forms[0]。如果您的網頁文件包含兩個表單元素，則第一個表單稱為 document.forms[0]，第二個表單稱為 document.forms[1]。</p>
<p>使用上面給出的層次結構和屬性，我們可以使用 document.forms[0].elements[0] 等訪問第一個表單元素。</p>
<h3>示例</h3>
<p>以下是如何使用傳統 DOM 方法訪問文件屬性的示例。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint notranslate"><html>
<head>
<title> Document Title </title>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
function myFunc() {
var ret = document.title;
alert("Document Title : " + ret );
var ret = document.URL;
alert("Document URL : " + ret );
var ret = document.forms[0];
alert("Document First Form : " + ret );
var ret = document.forms[0].elements[1];
alert("Second element : " + ret );
} //
-->
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id = "title">This is main title</h1>
<p>Click the following to see the result:</p>
<form name = "FirstForm">
<input type = "button" value = "Click Me" onclick = "myFunc();" />
<input type = "button" value = "Cancel">
</form>
<form name = "SecondForm">
<input type = "button" value = "Don't ClickMe"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
</pre>
<h3>輸出</h3>
<p>在上述程式碼成功執行後，將顯示以下輸出。</p>
<img class="center" src="/es6/images/legacy_dom_method.jpg" alt="legacy dom method">
<p><b>注意</b> - 此示例返回表單和元素的物件。我們將必須使用本教程中未討論的那些物件屬性來訪問它們的值。</p>
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