SQLite - 語法

SQLite 遵循一組獨特的規則和指南，稱為語法。本章列出了所有基本的 SQLite 語法。

大小寫敏感性

需要注意的重要一點是，SQLite 不區分大小寫，即在 SQLite 語句中，GLOB 和 glob 具有相同的含義。

註釋

SQLite 註釋是您可以新增到 SQLite 程式碼中的額外說明，以提高其可讀性，並且它們可以出現在任何地方；可以出現空格，包括表示式內部和其它 SQL 語句的中間，但它們不能巢狀。

SQL 註釋以兩個連續的“-”字元（ASCII 0x2d）開頭，並擴充套件到幷包括下一個換行符（ASCII 0x0a）或直到輸入結束，以先發生者為準。

您也可以使用 C 樣式註釋，它們以“/*”開頭，並擴充套件到幷包括下一個“*/”字元對或直到輸入結束，以先發生者為準。C 樣式註釋可以跨越多行。

sqlite> .help -- This is a single line comment

SQLite 語句

所有 SQLite 語句都以 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP 等任何關鍵字開頭，並且所有語句都以分號 (;) 結尾。

SQLite ANALYZE 語句

ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

SQLite AND/OR 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 語句

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 語句（重新命名）

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQLite ATTACH DATABASE 語句

ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';

SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 語句

BEGIN;
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

SQLite BETWEEN 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQLite COMMIT 語句

COMMIT;

SQLite CREATE INDEX 語句

CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );

SQLite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 語句

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

SQLite CREATE TABLE 語句

CREATE TABLE table_name(
   column1 datatype,
   column2 datatype,
   column3 datatype,
   .....
   columnN datatype,
   PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);

SQLite CREATE TRIGGER 語句

CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name 
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN 
   stmt1; 
   stmt2;
   ....
END;

SQLite CREATE VIEW 語句

CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name AS
SELECT statement....;

SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 語句

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION 語句

COMMIT;

SQLite COUNT 子句

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;

SQLite DELETE 語句

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE {CONDITION};

SQLite DETACH DATABASE 語句

DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';

SQLite DISTINCT 子句

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;

SQLite DROP INDEX 語句

DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;

SQLite DROP TABLE 語句

DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;

SQLite DROP VIEW 語句

DROP INDEX database_name.view_name;

SQLite DROP TRIGGER 語句

DROP INDEX database_name.trigger_name;

SQLite EXISTS 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM   table_name );

SQLite EXPLAIN 語句

EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or 
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

SQLite GLOB 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

SQLite GROUP BY 子句

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;

SQLite HAVING 子句

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQLite INSERT INTO 語句

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQLite IN 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite Like 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQLite NOT IN 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite ORDER BY 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQLite PRAGMA 語句

PRAGMA pragma_name;

For example:

PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 語句

RELEASE savepoint_name;

SQLite REINDEX 語句

REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;

SQLite ROLLBACK 語句

ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SAVEPOINT 語句

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SELECT 語句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;

SQLite UPDATE 語句

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

SQLite VACUUM 語句

VACUUM;

SQLite WHERE 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;

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