SQLite - Java

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本章將學習如何在 Java 程式中使用 SQLite。

安裝

在 Java 程式中使用 SQLite 之前，需要確保機器上已安裝 SQLite JDBC 驅動程式和 Java。您可以檢視 Java 教程，瞭解如何在您的機器上安裝 Java。現在，讓我們看看如何設定 SQLite JDBC 驅動程式。

  • 從 sqlite-jdbc 倉庫下載最新版本的 sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar。

  • 將下載的 jar 檔案 sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar 新增到您的類路徑中，或者您可以像以下示例中解釋的那樣與 -classpath 選項一起使用它。

以下部分假設您對 Java JDBC 概念略知一二。如果您不瞭解，建議您花半個小時學習 JDBC 教程，以便更好地理解以下內容。

連線到資料庫

以下 Java 程式演示瞭如何連線到現有資料庫。如果資料庫不存在，則會建立它，最後返回資料庫物件。

import java.sql.*;

public class SQLiteJDBC {
  public static void main( String args[] ) {
      Connection c = null;
      
      try {
         Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
         c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
      } catch ( Exception e ) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
      }
      System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
   }
}

現在，讓我們編譯並執行上述程式，在當前目錄中建立我們的資料庫 test.db。您可以根據需要更改路徑。我們假設當前版本的 JDBC 驅動程式 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar 位於當前路徑。

$javac SQLiteJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".:sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC
Open database successfully

如果您使用的是 Windows 機器，則可以按如下方式編譯和執行程式碼：

$javac SQLiteJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".;sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC
Opened database successfully

建立表

以下 Java 程式將用於在前面建立的資料庫中建立表。

import java.sql.*;

public class SQLiteJDBC {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {
      Connection c = null;
      Statement stmt = null;
      
      try {
         Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
         c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
         System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

         stmt = c.createStatement();
         String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
                        "(ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL," +
                        " NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL, " + 
                        " AGE            INT     NOT NULL, " + 
                        " ADDRESS        CHAR(50), " + 
                        " SALARY         REAL)"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
         stmt.close();
         c.close();
      } catch ( Exception e ) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
      }
      System.out.println("Table created successfully");
   }
}

編譯並執行上述程式後，它將在您的 test.db 中建立 COMPANY 表，最終檔案列表如下：

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3201128 Jan 22 19:04 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    1506 May  8 05:43 SQLiteJDBC.class
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     832 May  8 05:42 SQLiteJDBC.java
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    3072 May  8 05:43 test.db

INSERT 操作

以下 Java 程式演示瞭如何在上面示例中建立的 COMPANY 表中建立記錄。

import java.sql.*;

public class SQLiteJDBC {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {
      Connection c = null;
      Statement stmt = null;
      
      try {
         Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
         c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
         c.setAutoCommit(false);
         System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

         stmt = c.createStatement();
         String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
                        "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

         sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
                  "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

         sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
                  "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

         sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
                  "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

         stmt.close();
         c.commit();
         c.close();
      } catch ( Exception e ) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
      }
      System.out.println("Records created successfully");
   }
}

編譯並執行上述程式後，它將在 COMPANY 表中建立給定的記錄，並將顯示以下兩行：

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

SELECT 操作

以下 Java 程式演示瞭如何獲取和顯示上面示例中建立的 COMPANY 表中的記錄。

import java.sql.*;

public class SQLiteJDBC {

  public static void main( String args[] ) {

   Connection c = null;
   Statement stmt = null;
   try {
      Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
      c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
      c.setAutoCommit(false);
      System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

      stmt = c.createStatement();
      ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
      
      while ( rs.next() ) {
         int id = rs.getInt("id");
         String  name = rs.getString("name");
         int age  = rs.getInt("age");
         String  address = rs.getString("address");
         float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
         
         System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
         System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
         System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
         System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
         System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
         System.out.println();
      }
      rs.close();
      stmt.close();
      c.close();
   } catch ( Exception e ) {
      System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
      System.exit(0);
   }
   System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
  }
}

編譯並執行上述程式後，將產生以下結果。

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully

UPDATE 操作

以下 Java 程式碼演示瞭如何使用 UPDATE 語句更新任何記錄，然後從 COMPANY 表中獲取和顯示更新後的記錄。

import java.sql.*;

public class SQLiteJDBC {

  public static void main( String args[] ) {
  
   Connection c = null;
   Statement stmt = null;
   
   try {
      Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
      c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
      c.setAutoCommit(false);
      System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

      stmt = c.createStatement();
      String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;";
      stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
      c.commit();

      ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
      
      while ( rs.next() ) {
         int id = rs.getInt("id");
         String  name = rs.getString("name");
         int age  = rs.getInt("age");
         String  address = rs.getString("address");
         float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
         
         System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
         System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
         System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
         System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
         System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
         System.out.println();
      }
      rs.close();
      stmt.close();
      c.close();
   } catch ( Exception e ) {
      System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
      System.exit(0);
   }
    System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
   }
}

編譯並執行上述程式後，將產生以下結果。

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully

DELETE 操作

以下 Java 程式碼演示瞭如何使用 DELETE 語句刪除任何記錄，然後從我們的 COMPANY 表中獲取和顯示剩餘的記錄。

import java.sql.*;

public class SQLiteJDBC {

   public static void main( String args[] ) {
      Connection c = null;
      Statement stmt = null;
      
      try {
         Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
         c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
         c.setAutoCommit(false);
         System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

         stmt = c.createStatement();
         String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;";
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
         c.commit();

         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
         
         while ( rs.next() ) {
         int id = rs.getInt("id");
         String  name = rs.getString("name");
         int age  = rs.getInt("age");
         String  address = rs.getString("address");
         float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
         
         System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
         System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
         System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
         System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
         System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
         System.out.println();
      }
      rs.close();
      stmt.close();
      c.close();
      } catch ( Exception e ) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
      }
      System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
   }
}

編譯並執行上述程式後，將產生以下結果。

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully
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