Kotlin 中 Shared Preferences 的儲存、編輯、讀取和刪除?
此示例演示如何在 Kotlin 中儲存、編輯、讀取和刪除 Shared Preferences 資料。
步驟 1 − 在 Android Studio 中建立一個新專案,轉到 檔案 ⇉ 新建專案,並填寫所有必要資訊以建立新專案。
步驟 2 − 將以下程式碼新增到 res/layout/activity_main.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:padding="8dp" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <Button android:id="@+id/btnSave" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentStart="true" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:onClick="saveData" android:text="Save" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btnRetrieve" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:onClick="readData" android:text="Read" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btnClear" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:onClick="clearData" android:text="Clear" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/etEmail" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@+id/etName" android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:ems="10" android:hint="Email" android:inputType="textEmailAddress" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/etName" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignStart="@+id/etEmail" android:layout_marginTop="40dp" android:ems="10" android:hint="Name" android:inputType="text" /> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="400dp" android:layout_below="@+id/btnSave" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:orientation="vertical" android:padding="8dp"> <TextView android:id="@+id/textViewName" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="20dp" android:textColor="@android:color/holo_blue_light" android:textSize="24sp" android:textStyle="bold" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/textViewEmail" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:textColor="@android:color/holo_blue_light" android:textSize="24sp" android:textStyle="bold"> </LinearLayout> </RelativeLayout>
步驟 3 − 將以下程式碼新增到 src/MainActivity.kt
import android.content.Context import android.content.SharedPreferences import android.os.Bundle import android.view.View import android.widget.EditText import android.widget.TextView import android.widget.Toast import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity @Suppress("NULLABILITY_MISMATCH_BASED_ON_JAVA_ANNOTATIONS") class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { var editTextName: EditText? = null var editTextEmail: EditText? = null lateinit var textViewName: TextView lateinit var textViewEmail: TextView private val myPreference = "myPref" private val name = "nameKey" private val email = "emailKey" var sharedPreferences: SharedPreferences? = null override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) title = "KotlinApp" editTextEmail = findViewById(R.id.etEmail) editTextName = findViewById(R.id.etName) sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(myPreference, Context.MODE_PRIVATE) if (sharedPreferences!!.contains(name)) { editTextName?.setText(sharedPreferences!!.getString(name, "")) } if (sharedPreferences!!.contains(email)) { editTextName?.setText(sharedPreferences!!.getString(email, "")) } } fun readData(view: View) { textViewEmail = findViewById(R.id.textViewEmail) textViewName = findViewById(R.id.textViewName) var strName: String = editTextName?.text.toString().trim() var strEmail: String = editTextEmail?.text.toString().trim() strName = sharedPreferences!!.getString(name, "") strEmail = sharedPreferences!!.getString(email, "") sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(myPreference, Context.MODE_PRIVATE) if (sharedPreferences!!.contains(name)) { textViewName.text = strName } if (sharedPreferences!!.contains(email)) { textViewEmail.text = strEmail } Toast.makeText(baseContext, "Data retrieved", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } fun saveData(view: View) { val strName: String = editTextName?.text.toString().trim() val strEmail: String = editTextEmail?.text.toString().trim() val editor: SharedPreferences.Editor = sharedPreferences!!.edit() editor.putString(name, strName) editor.putString(email, strEmail) editor.apply() Toast.makeText(baseContext, "Saved", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } fun clearData(view: View) { editTextName!!.text.clear() editTextEmail!!.text.clear() textViewName.text = "" textViewEmail.text = "" Toast.makeText(baseContext, "Cleared data", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } }
步驟 4 − 將以下程式碼新增到 androidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="app.com.kotlipapp"> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:supportsRtl="true" android:theme="@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>
讓我們嘗試執行您的應用程式。我假設您已將您的實際 Android 移動裝置連線到您的計算機。要在 Android Studio 中執行應用程式,請開啟專案的 Activity 檔案之一,然後單擊工具欄中的執行 圖示。選擇您的移動裝置作為選項,然後檢查您的移動裝置,它將顯示您的預設螢幕 −
點選 這裡 下載專案程式碼。
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