如何用示例解釋 Android Shared Preferences?
使用 Shared Preferences,我們可以以鍵值對的形式儲存或檢索值。Shared Preferences 提供了五種不同的方法,如下所示:
Edit() - 用於編輯 Shared Preferences 的值。
commit() - 用於將 Shared Preferences 的值提交到 xml 檔案中。
apply() - 用於將編輯器中的更改提交回 Shared Preferences。
remove(String key) - 用於使用鍵從 Shared Preferences 中刪除鍵值對。
Put() - 用於將鍵值對放入 Shared Preferences xml 檔案中。
Shared Preferences 的示例語法如下所示:
final SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("USER",MODE_PRIVATE);
在上述語法中,我們建立了一個名為 USER.xml 的 Shared Preferences 檔案,並且它是私有模式,這意味著其他應用程式無法訪問此 Shared Preferences。
以下示例演示瞭如何在 Android 中使用 Shared Preferences。
步驟 1 - 在 Android Studio 中建立一個新專案,轉到 File ⇒ New Project 並填寫所有必要資訊以建立新專案。
步驟 2 - 將以下程式碼新增到 res/layout/activity_main.xml 中。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" android:orientation = "vertical" tools:context = ".MainActivity" tools:layout_editor_absoluteY = "81dp"> <EditText android:id = "@+id/name" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "60dp" android:layout_marginTop = "8dp" android:autofillHints = "" android:hint = "NAME" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "parent" tools:layout_editor_absoluteX = "0dp" /> <EditText android:id = "@+id/address" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop = "84dp" android:hint = "Phone Number" android:importantForAutofill = "no" android:inputType = "" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/name" tools:layout_editor_absoluteX = "16dp" tools:targetApi = "o" /> <Button android:id = "@+id/button" android:layout_width = "108dp" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart = "8dp" android:layout_marginLeft = "8dp" android:layout_marginTop = "120dp" android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp" android:layout_marginRight = "8dp" android:gravity = "center_horizontal" android:text = "Save" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias = "0.503" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "@+id/address" /> <Button android:id = "@+id/read" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart = "8dp" android:layout_marginLeft = "8dp" android:layout_marginTop = "88dp" android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp" android:layout_marginRight = "8dp" android:gravity = "center_horizontal" android:text = "read" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/button" /> <TextView android:id = "@+id/result" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "0dp" android:layout_marginStart = "8dp" android:layout_marginLeft = "8dp" android:layout_marginTop = "184dp" android:layout_marginEnd = "8dp" android:layout_marginRight = "8dp" android:text = "result" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf = "@+id/button" /> </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
在上面的 xml 中,它包含兩個用於姓名和地址的 EditText,當用戶點選“儲存”按鈕時,它將把值儲存到 Shared Preferences 中,當用戶點選“讀取”按鈕時,它將從 Shared Preferences 中讀取值。
步驟 3 - 將以下程式碼新增到 src/MainActivity.java 中
package com.example.andy.myapplication; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); final SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("USER",MODE_PRIVATE); final EditText name = findViewById(R.id.name); final EditText address = findViewById(R.id.address); final TextView result = findViewById(R.id.result); Button save = findViewById(R.id.button); Button read = findViewById(R.id.read); read.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { result.setText("Name is "+sharedPreferences.getString("Name","No name")+" Address "+ sharedPreferences.getString("Address","No Address")); } }); save.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { if(name.getText().toString().isEmpty() && address.getText().toString().isEmpty()) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Plz Enter all the data",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } else { String nameData = name.getText().toString().trim(); String addressData = address.getText().toString().trim(); SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit(); editor.putString("Name",nameData); editor.putString("Address",addressData); editor.commit(); } } }); } }
步驟 4 - 無需更改 manifest.xml 讓我們嘗試執行您的應用程式。我假設您已將您的實際 Android 移動裝置連線到您的計算機。要從 Android Studio 執行應用程式,請開啟專案中的一個 Activity 檔案,然後點選工具欄中的執行圖示 。選擇您的移動裝置作為選項,然後檢查您的移動裝置,它將顯示您的預設螢幕 -
在上面的示例中,我們添加了姓名和地址,並點選了“儲存”按鈕。
在上面的示例中,我們點選了“讀取”按鈕。它將文字附加到 TextView 中。