在 C++ 中查詢 Binary Tree 中兩個節點之間的距離


考慮我們有一個包含幾個節點的二叉樹。我們必須找出兩個節點 u 和 v 之間的距離。假設該樹如下所示 −

現在,(4, 6) 之間的距離 = 4,路徑長度為 4,(5, 8) 之間的長度 = 5,依此類推。

為了解決此問題,我們將找到 LCA(最低公共祖先),然後計算從 LCA 到兩個節點的距離。

示例

 線上演示

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Node {
   public:
      int data;
   Node *left, *right;
};
Node* getNode(int data) {
   Node* node = new Node;
   node->data = data;
   node->left = node->right = NULL;
   return node;
}
Node* LowestCommonAncestor(Node * root, int n1,int n2) {
   if (root == NULL)
      return root;
   if (root->data == n1 || root->data == n2)
      return root;
   Node* left = LowestCommonAncestor(root->left, n1, n2);
   Node* right = LowestCommonAncestor(root->right, n1, n2);
   if (left != NULL && right != NULL)
      return root;
   if (left != NULL)
      return LowestCommonAncestor(root->left, n1, n2);
   return LowestCommonAncestor(root->right, n1, n2);
}
int getLevel(Node *root, int k, int level) {
   if(root == NULL) return -1;
      if(root->data == k) return level;
         int left = getLevel(root->left, k, level+1);
      if (left == -1)
         return getLevel(root->right, k, level+1);
   return left;
}
int findDistance(Node* root, int a, int b) {
   Node* lca = LowestCommonAncestor(root, a , b);
   int dist1 = getLevel(lca, a, 0);
   int dist2 = getLevel(lca, b, 0);
   return dist1 + dist2;
}
int main() {
   Node* root = getNode(1);
   root->left = getNode(2);
   root->right = getNode(3);
   root->left->left = getNode(4);
   root->left->right = getNode(5);
   root->right->left = getNode(6);
   root->right->right = getNode(7);
   root->right->left->right = getNode(8);
   cout << "Distance between (4, 6) is: " << findDistance(root, 4, 6);
   cout << "\nDistance between (8, 5) is: " << findDistance(root, 8, 5);
}

輸出

Distance between (4, 6) is: 4
Distance between (8, 5) is: 5

更新於: 19-12-2019

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