程式化事務管理

程式化事務管理方法允許您在原始碼中藉助程式設計來管理事務。這為您提供了極大的靈活性，但難以維護。

在開始之前，重要的是至少有兩個資料庫表，我們可以藉助事務在這些表上執行各種CRUD操作。讓我們考慮一個**學生**表，它可以在MySQL TEST資料庫中使用以下DDL建立：

CREATE TABLE Student(
   ID   INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE  INT NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

第二個表是**成績**，我們將在其中根據年份維護學生的成績。這裡**SID**是學生表的外部索引鍵。

CREATE TABLE Marks(
   SID INT NOT NULL,
   MARKS  INT NOT NULL,
   YEAR   INT NOT NULL
);

讓我們直接使用PlatformTransactionManager來實現程式化方法以實現事務。要啟動新事務，您需要擁有一個具有適當事務屬性的TransactionDefinition例項。對於此示例，我們將簡單地建立一個ofDefaultTransactionDefinition例項以使用預設事務屬性。

建立TransactionDefinition後，您可以透過呼叫getTransaction()方法啟動事務，該方法返回TransactionStatus的例項。TransactionStatus物件有助於跟蹤事務的當前狀態，最後，如果一切正常，您可以使用PlatformTransactionManager的commit()方法提交事務，否則您可以使用rollback()回滾整個操作。

現在，讓我們編寫我們的Spring JDBC應用程式，它將在Student和Marks表上實現簡單的操作。讓我們準備一個可用的Eclipse IDE，並採取以下步驟建立一個Spring應用程式：

以下是資料訪問物件介面檔案StudentDAO.java的內容

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

public interface StudentDAO {
   /** 
      * This is the method to be used to initialize
      * database resources ie. connection.
   */
   public void setDataSource(DataSource ds);
   
   /** 
      * This is the method to be used to create
      * a record in the Student and Marks tables.
   */
   public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year);
   
   /** 
      * This is the method to be used to list down
      * all the records from the Student and Marks tables.
   */
   public List<StudentMarks> listStudents();
}

以下是StudentMarks.java檔案的內容

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class StudentMarks {
   private Integer age;
   private String name;
   private Integer id;
   private Integer marks;
   private Integer year;
   private Integer sid;

   public void setAge(Integer age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   public Integer getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public void setId(Integer id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public Integer getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setMarks(Integer marks) {
      this.marks = marks;
   }
   public Integer getMarks() {
      return marks;
   }
   public void setYear(Integer year) {
      this.year = year;
   }
   public Integer getYear() {
      return year;
   }
   public void setSid(Integer sid) {
      this.sid = sid;
   }
   public Integer getSid() {
      return sid;
   }
}

以下是StudentMarksMapper.java檔案的內容

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

public class StudentMarksMapper implements RowMapper<StudentMarks> {
   public StudentMarks mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
      StudentMarks studentMarks = new StudentMarks();
      studentMarks.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
      studentMarks.setName(rs.getString("name"));
      studentMarks.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
      studentMarks.setSid(rs.getInt("sid"));
      studentMarks.setMarks(rs.getInt("marks"));
      studentMarks.setYear(rs.getInt("year"));

      return studentMarks;
   }
}

以下是為已定義的DAO介面StudentDAO編寫的實現類檔案StudentJDBCTemplate.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;

public class StudentJDBCTemplate implements StudentDAO {
   private DataSource dataSource;
   private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject;
   private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;

   public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
      this.dataSource = dataSource;
      this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
   }
   public void setTransactionManager(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager) {
      this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
   }
   public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year){
      TransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
      TransactionStatus status = transactionManager.getTransaction(def);

      try {
         String SQL1 = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)";
         jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL1, name, age);

         // Get the latest student id to be used in Marks table
         String SQL2 = "select max(id) from Student";
         int sid = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForInt( SQL2 );

         String SQL3 = "insert into Marks(sid, marks, year) " + "values (?, ?, ?)";
         jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL3, sid, marks, year);

         System.out.println("Created Name = " + name + ", Age = " + age);
         transactionManager.commit(status);
      } 
      catch (DataAccessException e) {
         System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
         transactionManager.rollback(status);
         throw e;
      }
      return;
   }
   public List<StudentMarks> listStudents() {
      String SQL = "select * from Student, Marks where Student.id=Marks.sid";
      List <StudentMarks> studentMarks = jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, 
         new StudentMarksMapper());
      
      return studentMarks;
   }
}

現在讓我們繼續使用主應用程式檔案MainApp.java，如下所示：

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.tutorialspoint.StudentJDBCTemplate;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
      StudentJDBCTemplate studentJDBCTemplate = 
         (StudentJDBCTemplate)context.getBean("studentJDBCTemplate");
      
      System.out.println("------Records creation--------" );
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Zara", 11, 99, 2010);
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Nuha", 20, 97, 2010);
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Ayan", 25, 100, 2011);

      System.out.println("------Listing all the records--------" );
      List<StudentMarks> studentMarks = studentJDBCTemplate.listStudents();
      
      for (StudentMarks record : studentMarks) {
         System.out.print("ID : " + record.getId() );
         System.out.print(", Name : " + record.getName() );
         System.out.print(", Marks : " + record.getMarks());
         System.out.print(", Year : " + record.getYear());
         System.out.println(", Age : " + record.getAge());
      }
   }
}

以下是配置檔案Beans.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd ">

   <!-- Initialization for data source -->
   <bean id = "dataSource" 
      class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
      <property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
      <property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://:3306/TEST"/>
      <property name = "username" value = "root"/>
      <property name = "password" value = "password"/>
   </bean>

   <!-- Initialization for TransactionManager -->
   <bean id = "transactionManager" 
      class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
      <property name = "dataSource"  ref = "dataSource" />    
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for studentJDBCTemplate bean -->
   <bean id = "studentJDBCTemplate"
      class = "com.tutorialspoint.StudentJDBCTemplate">
      <property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" />
      <property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" />    
   </bean>
      
</beans>

建立原始碼和Bean配置檔案後，讓我們執行應用程式。如果您的應用程式一切正常，它將列印以下訊息：

------Records creation--------
Created Name = Zara, Age = 11
Created Name = Nuha, Age = 20
Created Name = Ayan, Age = 25
------Listing all the records--------
ID : 1, Name : Zara, Marks : 99, Year : 2010, Age : 11
ID : 2, Name : Nuha, Marks : 97, Year : 2010, Age : 20
ID : 3, Name : Ayan, Marks : 100, Year : 2011, Age : 25