Requests - SSL 證書

SSL 證書是一種隨安全 URL 提供的安全特性。當你使用 Requests 庫時，它還會驗證給定的 https URL 的 SSL 證書。SSL 驗證在請求模組中預設啟用，並且在沒有此證書時會引發錯誤。

使用安全 URL

以下是使用安全 URL 的示例 −

import requests
getdata = requests.get(https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users)
print(getdata.text) 

輸出

E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
[
   {
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Leanne Graham",
      "username": "Bret",
      "email": "Sincere@april.biz",
      "address": {
         "street": "Kulas Light",
         "suite": "Apt. 556",
         "city": "Gwenborough",
         "zipcode": "92998-3874",
         "geo": {
            "lat": "-37.3159",
            "lng": "81.1496"
         }
      },
      "phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
      "website": "hildegard.org",
      "company": {
         "name": "Romaguera-Crona",
         "catchPhrase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",
         "bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
      }
   }
]

我們能輕鬆地從上述 https URL 獲得響應，這是因為請求模組能夠驗證 SSL 證書。

只需新增 verify=False，你就可以停用 SSL 驗證，如下例所示。

示例

import requests
getdata = 
requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users', verify=False)
print(getdata.text)

你會得到輸出，但它也會顯示一條警告訊息，即 SSL 證書未經驗證，建議新增證書驗證。

輸出

E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
connectionpool.py:851: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is 
being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: 
https://urllib3
.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.htm  l#ssl-warnings
 InsecureRequestWarning)
[
   {
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Leanne Graham",
      "username": "Bret", 
      "email": "Sincere@april.biz",
      "address": {
         "street": "Kulas Light",
         "suite": "Apt. 556",
         "city": "Gwenborough",
         "zipcode": "92998-3874",
         "geo": {
            "lat": "-37.3159",
            "lng": "81.1496"
         }
      },
      "phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
      "website": "hildegard.org",
      "company": {
         "name": "Romaguera-Crona",
         "catchPhrase": "Multi-layered   client-server neural-net",
         "bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
      }
   }
]

你還可以透過在你的終端託管 SSL 證書，然後使用 verify 引數指定路徑，如下所示，驗證 SSL 證書。

示例

import requests
getdata = 
requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users', verify='C:\Users\AppData\Local\certificate.txt')
print(getdata.text)  

輸出

E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
[
   {
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Leanne Graham",
      "username": "Bret",
      "email": "Sincere@april.biz",
      "address": {
         "street": "Kulas Light",
         "suite": "Apt. 556",
         "city": "Gwenborough",
         "zipcode": "92998-3874",
         "geo": {
            "lat": "-37.3159",
            "lng": "81.1496"
         }
      },
      "phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
      "website": "hildegard.org",
      "company": {
         "name": "Romaguera-Crona",
         "catchPhrase": "Multi-layered   client-server neural-net",
         "bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
      }
   }
]