Perl - 目錄

以下是用於操作目錄的標準函式。

opendir DIRHANDLE, EXPR  # To open a directory
readdir DIRHANDLE        # To read a directory
rewinddir DIRHANDLE      # Positioning pointer to the begining
telldir DIRHANDLE        # Returns current position of the dir
seekdir DIRHANDLE, POS   # Pointing pointer to POS inside dir
closedir DIRHANDLE       # Closing a directory.

顯示所有檔案

有各種方法可以列出特定目錄中所有可用的檔案。首先讓我們使用簡單的方法獲取並列出使用glob運算子的所有檔案 -

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Display all the files in /tmp directory.
$dir = "/tmp/*";
my @files = glob( $dir );

foreach (@files ) {
   print $_ . "\n";
}

# Display all the C source files in /tmp directory.
$dir = "/tmp/*.c";
@files = glob( $dir );

foreach (@files ) {
   print $_ . "\n";
}

# Display all the hidden files.
$dir = "/tmp/.*";
@files = glob( $dir );
foreach (@files ) {
   print $_ . "\n";
}

# Display all the files from /tmp and /home directories.
$dir = "/tmp/* /home/*";
@files = glob( $dir );

foreach (@files ) {
   print $_ . "\n";
}

這是另一個示例，它開啟一個目錄並列出此目錄中所有可用的檔案。

#!/usr/bin/perl

opendir (DIR, '.') or die "Couldn't open directory, $!";
while ($file = readdir DIR) {
   print "$file\n";
}
closedir DIR;

另一個列印您可能使用的 C 原始檔列表的示例是 -

#!/usr/bin/perl

opendir(DIR, '.') or die "Couldn't open directory, $!";
foreach (sort grep(/^.*\.c$/,readdir(DIR))) {
   print "$_\n";
}
closedir DIR;

建立新目錄

您可以使用mkdir函式建立新目錄。您需要具有建立目錄所需的許可權。

#!/usr/bin/perl

$dir = "/tmp/perl";

# This creates perl directory in /tmp directory.
mkdir( $dir ) or die "Couldn't create $dir directory, $!";
print "Directory created successfully\n";

刪除目錄

您可以使用rmdir函式刪除目錄。您需要具有刪除目錄所需的許可權。此外，在嘗試刪除目錄之前，此目錄必須為空。

#!/usr/bin/perl

$dir = "/tmp/perl";

# This removes perl directory from /tmp directory.
rmdir( $dir ) or die "Couldn't remove $dir directory, $!";
print "Directory removed successfully\n";

更改目錄

您可以使用chdir函式更改目錄並轉到新位置。您需要具有更改目錄並進入新目錄所需的許可權。

#!/usr/bin/perl

$dir = "/home";

# This changes perl directory  and moves you inside /home directory.
chdir( $dir ) or die "Couldn't go inside $dir directory, $!";
print "Your new location is $dir\n";