Mockito - 偵聽

Mockito 提供了在實際物件上建立偵聽的選項。當呼叫偵聽時，會呼叫實際物件的實際方法。

語法

//create a spy on actual object
calcService = spy(calculator);

//perform operation on real object
//test the add functionality
Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(20.0, 10.0),30.0,0);

示例

步驟 1 − 建立一個名為 CalculatorService 的介面來提供數學函式

檔案: CalculatorService.java

public interface CalculatorService {
   public double add(double input1, double input2);
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2);
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2);
   public double divide(double input1, double input2);
}

步驟 2 − 建立一個 JAVA 類來表示 MathApplication

檔案: MathApplication.java

public class MathApplication {
   private CalculatorService calcService;

   public void setCalculatorService(CalculatorService calcService){
      this.calcService = calcService;
   }
   
   public double add(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.add(input1, input2);		
   }
   
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.subtract(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.multiply(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double divide(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.divide(input1, input2);
   }
}

步驟 3 − 測試 MathApplication 類

透過注入到 calculatorService 中的模擬，讓我們來測試 MathApplication 類。模擬將由 Mockito 建立。

在下面，我們添加了一個模擬方法呼叫 add() 到模擬物件中透過 when()。但是，在測試期間，我們在呼叫 add() 之前呼叫了 subtract()。當我們使用 Mockito.createStrictMock() 建立模擬物件時，方法的執行順序很重要。

檔案: MathApplicationTester.java

import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

// @RunWith attaches a runner with the test class to initialize the test data
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MathApplicationTester {
	
   private MathApplication mathApplication;
   private CalculatorService calcService;

   @Before
   public void setUp(){
      mathApplication = new MathApplication();
      Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
      calcService = spy(calculator);
      mathApplication.setCalculatorService(calcService);	     
   }

   @Test
   public void testAdd(){

      //perform operation on real object
      //test the add functionality
      Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(20.0, 10.0),30.0,0);
   }

   class Calculator implements CalculatorService {
      @Override
      public double add(double input1, double input2) {
         return input1 + input2;
      }

      @Override
      public double subtract(double input1, double input2) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!");
      }

      @Override
      public double multiply(double input1, double input2) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!");
      }

      @Override
      public double divide(double input1, double input2) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!");
      }
   }
}

步驟 4 − 執行測試用例

在 C:\> Mockito_WORKSPACE 中建立一個名為 TestRunner 的 Java 類檔案來執行測試用例。

檔案: TestRunner.java

import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;

public class TestRunner {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(MathApplicationTester.class);
      
      for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
         System.out.println(failure.toString());
      }
      
      System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
   }
}  	

步驟 5 − 確認結果

使用 javac 編譯器編譯類，如下所示 −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>javac CalculatorService.java MathApplication.
   java MathApplicationTester.java TestRunner.java

現在執行測試執行器來檢視結果 −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>java TestRunner

確認輸出。

true