Mockito - 增加行為



Mockito 使用 when() 方法向模擬物件新增功能。請看以下程式碼片段。

//add the behavior of calc service to add two numbers
when(calcService.add(10.0,20.0)).thenReturn(30.00);

在這裡,我們指示 Mockito 提供一種將 10 和 20 新增到 calcServiceadd 方法的行為,並返回 30.00 的值。

此時,模擬記錄了行為並且是一個工作中的模擬物件。

//add the behavior of calc service to add two numbers
when(calcService.add(10.0,20.0)).thenReturn(30.00);

示例

步驟 1 − 建立一個名為 CalculatorService 的介面來提供數學函式

檔案:CalculatorService.java

public interface CalculatorService {
   public double add(double input1, double input2);
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2);
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2);
   public double divide(double input1, double input2);
}

步驟 2 − 建立一個 JAVA 類來表示 MathApplication

檔案:MathApplication.java

public class MathApplication {
   private CalculatorService calcService;

   public void setCalculatorService(CalculatorService calcService){
      this.calcService = calcService;
   }
   
   public double add(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.add(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.subtract(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.multiply(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double divide(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.divide(input1, input2);
   }
}

步驟 3 − 測試 MathApplication 類

讓我們測試 MathApplication 類,透過注入 calculatorService 的模擬。模擬將由 Mockito 建立。

檔案:MathApplicationTester.java

import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

// @RunWith attaches a runner with the test class to initialize the test data
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MathApplicationTester {
	
   //@InjectMocks annotation is used to create and inject the mock object
   @InjectMocks 
   MathApplication mathApplication = new MathApplication();

   //@Mock annotation is used to create the mock object to be injected
   @Mock
   CalculatorService calcService;

   @Test
   public void testAdd(){
      //add the behavior of calc service to add two numbers
      when(calcService.add(10.0,20.0)).thenReturn(30.00);
		
      //test the add functionality
      Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(10.0, 20.0),30.0,0);
   }
}

步驟 4 − 執行測試用例

C:\>Mockito_WORKSPACE 中建立一個名為 TestRunner 的 java 類檔案來執行測試用例。

檔案:TestRunner.java

import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;

public class TestRunner {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(MathApplicationTester.class);
      
      for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
         System.out.println(failure.toString());
      }
      
      System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
   }
}  	

步驟 5 − 驗證結果

使用 javac 編譯器編譯類,如下所示 −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>javac CalculatorService.java MathApplication.
   java MathApplicationTester.java TestRunner.java

現在執行測試執行程式以檢視結果 −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>java TestRunner

驗證輸出。

true
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