Bootstrap - 位置

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本章討論了用於快速配置元素位置的.position 實用工具類。

位置值

.position 類可用於快速定位，但它們本質上不是響應式的。

position 類的各種值為：

  • .position-static

  • .position-relative

  • .position-absolute

  • .position-fixed

  • .position-sticky

讓我們看一個例子

示例

您可以使用編輯和執行選項編輯並嘗試執行此程式碼。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Bootstrap - Position</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body class="m-2">
	  <h4 class="mb-4">Position values</h4>
	  <div class="container mt-4 bg-light border border-dark">
		  Position: static states that the top, right,
		  bottom, and left properties will be the same no matter
		  <p class="position-static bg-info top-50 start-50 text-light">position: static</p>
		  This part is out of the paragraph.
	  </div>
	  <div class="container mt-4 bg-light border border-dark">
		  Position: relative sets its position to be relative
		  with respect to the elements on top of it
		  <p class="position-relative bg-success top-50	start-50 text-light w-50">
			position: relative;
		  </p>
		  This means that the top, right, bottom, and
		  left properties will
		  affect the position of the Paragraph.
	  </div>
	  <div class="container mt-4 bg-light border border-dark">
		  Position: absolute sets its position relative to
		  the closest parent and it set its position absolute
		  with that.
		  <p class="position-absolute bg-warning bottom-0 end-50 text-light">
			position: absolute;
		  </p>
		  This means that the top, right, bottom, and left
		  properties will get adjusted with respect to the
		  nearest ancestor and then the position is set.
	  </div>
  </body>
</html>

排列元素

可以使用邊緣定位實用工具類輕鬆排列元素。

排列元素的格式為{property}-{position}。

其中property可以包含以下值

屬性 描述
top 垂直頂部位置
start 水平左側位置（LTR）
bottom 垂直底部位置
end 水平右側位置（LTR）

其中position可以包含以下值

位置 描述
0 0 邊緣位置
50 50% 邊緣位置
100 100% 邊緣位置

注意：可以透過在$position-values Sass 對映變數中新增條目來新增更多位置值。

讓我們看一個使用.position-* 類排列元素的示例

示例

您可以使用編輯和執行選項編輯並嘗試執行此程式碼。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Bootstrap - Position</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body class="container p-3 m-5">
      <div class="position-absolute top-0 start-0 mb-2">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">top-0 start-0</button>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-50 start-50 mb-2">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">top-50 start-50</button>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-0 end-0 mb-2">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">top-0 end-0</button>
      </div>    
      <div class="position-absolute bottom-0 start-0 mb-2">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">bottom-0 start-0</button>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute bottom-50 end-50 mb-2">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">bottom-50 end-50</button>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute bottom-0 end-0 mb-2">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">bottom-0 end-0</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

居中元素

  • 使用轉換實用工具類.translate-middle，您可以將元素排列在中心。

  • 轉換類將轉換translateX(-50%) 和translateY(-50%) 應用於元素。

  • 然後，此元素與邊緣定位實用工具相結合，從而使元素居中。

讓我們看一個例子

示例

您可以使用編輯和執行選項編輯並嘗試執行此程式碼。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Bootstrap - Position</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
    <style>
      span {
          border: 2px solid rgb(26, 58, 241);
          padding: 30px;
          background:#1ae3f1;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="container">
      <div class="position-absolute top-0 start-0 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-0 start-50 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-0 start-100 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-50 start-0 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-50 start-50 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-50 start-100 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-100 start-0 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-100 start-50 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-100 start-100 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>  
</html>

為了僅在水平或垂直方向上定位元素，請使用.translate-middle-x 或.translate-middle-y 類。

讓我們看一個例子

示例

您可以使用編輯和執行選項編輯並嘗試執行此程式碼。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Bootstrap - Position</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
    <style>
      span {
          border: 2px solid rgb(26, 58, 241);
          padding: 30px;
          background:#dd1c8c;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="position-static">
      <div class="position-absolute top-0 start-0">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-0 start-50 translate-middle-x">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-0 end-0">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-50 start-0 translate-middle-y">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-50 start-50 translate-middle">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute top-50 end-0 translate-middle-y">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute bottom-0 start-0">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute bottom-0 start-50 translate-middle-x">
        <span></span>
      </div>
      <div class="position-absolute bottom-0 end-0">
        <span></span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>  
</html>

更多示例

下面顯示了一些更多示例，其中.position 類與 Bootstrap 提供的其他實用工具類一起使用

示例

您可以使用編輯和執行選項編輯並嘗試執行此程式碼。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Bootstrap - Position</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="d-flex p-5 gap-5">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-success position-relative">
      Notifications<span class="position-absolute top-0 start-100 translate-middle p-2 bg-danger border border-light rounded-circle"><span class="visually-hidden">unread messages</span></span>
    </button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary position-relative">
      Inbox
      <span class="position-absolute top-0 start-100 translate-middle badge rounded-pill bg-danger">
        99+
        <span class="visually-hidden">unread messages</span>
      </span>
    </button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning position-relative">
      Messages <span class="position-absolute top-0 start-100 translate-middle badge border border-light rounded-circle bg-danger p-2"><span class="visually-hidden">unread messages</span></span>
    </button>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

這些類可以與其他 Bootstrap 元件一起使用以建立新的元件。

讓我們看一個進度條與.position 實用工具類一起使用的示例

示例

您可以使用編輯和執行選項編輯並嘗試執行此程式碼。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Bootstrap - Position</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body class="mb-5 p-3">
    <h2 class="text-center">Position</h2>    
    <div>
        <div class="position-relative m-4">
            <div class="progress" >
                <div class="progress-bar" role="progressbar"></div>
            </div>
            <button type="button" class="position-absolute top-0 start-0 translate-middle btn btn-sm btn-success rounded-pill">1</button>
            <button type="button" class="position-absolute top-0 start-50 translate-middle btn btn-sm btn-warning rounded-pill">2</button>
            <button type="button" class="position-absolute top-0 start-100 translate-middle btn btn-sm btn-info rounded-pill">3</button>
            <button type="button" class="position-absolute top-50 end-50 translate-middle btn btn-sm btn-danger rounded-pill">4</button>
        </div>
    </div>      
  </body>
</html>
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