使用Java程式傳送電子郵件
使用Java應用程式傳送電子郵件非常簡單,但首先你應該在你的機器上安裝**JavaMail API**和**Java Activation Framework (JAF)**。
你可以從Java的官方網站下載最新版本的JavaMail (1.2版本)。
你可以從Java的官方網站下載最新版本的JAF (1.1.1版本)。
下載並解壓這些檔案,在新建立的頂級目錄中,你會找到這兩個應用程式的許多jar檔案。你需要將**mail.jar**和**activation.jar**檔案新增到你的CLASSPATH中。
傳送簡單的電子郵件
這是一個從你的機器傳送簡單電子郵件的例子。假設你的**本地主機**已連線到網際網路,並且能夠傳送電子郵件。
示例
// File Name SendEmail.java import java.util.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Now set the actual message message.setText("This is actual message"); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
編譯並執行此程式以傳送簡單的電子郵件:
輸出
$ java SendEmail Sent message successfully....
如果你想向多個收件人傳送電子郵件,則可以使用以下方法指定多個電子郵件ID:
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses) throws MessagingException
以下是引數的說明:
**type** - 這將設定為TO,CC或BCC。其中CC代表抄送,BCC代表密送。例如:Message.RecipientType.TO
**addresses** - 這是一個電子郵件ID陣列。在指定電子郵件ID時,需要使用InternetAddress()方法。
傳送HTML電子郵件
這是一個從你的機器傳送HTML電子郵件的例子。假設你的**本地主機**已連線到網際網路,並且能夠傳送電子郵件。
此示例與前一個示例非常相似,不同之處在於我們在這裡使用setContent()方法來設定內容,其第二個引數是“text/html”,用於指定郵件中包含HTML內容。
使用此示例,你可以傳送任意大小的HTML內容。
示例
// File Name SendHTMLEmail.java import java.util.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendHTMLEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html"); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
編譯並執行此程式以傳送HTML電子郵件:
輸出
$ java SendHTMLEmail Sent message successfully....
傳送電子郵件附件
這是一個從你的機器傳送包含附件的電子郵件的例子。假設你的**本地主機**已連線到網際網路,並且能夠傳送電子郵件。
示例
// File Name SendFileEmail.java import java.util.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendFileEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Create the message part BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); // Fill the message messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body"); // Create a multipar message Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart(); // Set text message part multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart); // Part two is attachment messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); String filename = "file.txt"; DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename); messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source)); messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename); multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart); // Send the complete message parts message.setContent(multipart ); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
編譯並執行此程式以傳送HTML電子郵件:
輸出
$ java SendFileEmail Sent message successfully....
使用者身份驗證部分
如果需要向電子郵件伺服器提供使用者ID和密碼進行身份驗證,則可以按如下方式設定這些屬性:
props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser"); props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");
其餘的電子郵件傳送機制將與上面解釋的相同。