H2資料庫 - JDBC連線

上一頁
下一頁

H2是一個JAVA資料庫。我們可以使用JDBC與該資料庫進行互動。在本章中，我們將瞭解如何使用JDBC連線H2資料庫以及對H2資料庫進行CRUD操作。

通常，建立JDBC連線需要五個步驟。

步驟1 - 註冊JDBC資料庫驅動程式。

Class.forName ("org.h2.Driver");

步驟2 - 開啟連線。

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection ("jdbc:h2:~/test", "sa","");

步驟3 - 建立語句。

Statement st = conn.createStatement();

步驟4 - 執行語句並接收結果集。

Stmt.executeUpdate("sql statement");

步驟5 - 關閉連線。

conn.close();

在繼續建立完整程式之前，我們需要將h2-1.4.192.jar檔案新增到CLASSPATH。我們可以從C:\Program Files (x86)\H2\bin資料夾獲取此jar檔案。

建立表

在這個例子中，我們將編寫一個建立表的程式。考慮一個名為Registration的表，它包含以下欄位。

序號 列名 資料型別 非空 主鍵
1 ID 數字 是 是
2 名 Varchar(255) 否 否
3 姓 Varchar(255) 否 否
4 年齡 數字 否 否

以下是一個名為H2jdbcCreateDemo的示例程式。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcCreateDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   //  Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
  
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); 
             
         //STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);  
         
         //STEP 3: Execute a query 
         System.out.println("Creating table in given database..."); 
         stmt = conn.createStatement(); 
         String sql =  "CREATE TABLE   REGISTRATION " + 
            "(id INTEGER not NULL, " + 
            " first VARCHAR(255), " +  
            " last VARCHAR(255), " +  
            " age INTEGER, " +  
            " PRIMARY KEY ( id ))";  
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
         System.out.println("Created table in given database..."); 
         
         // STEP 4: Clean-up environment 
         stmt.close(); 
         conn.close(); 
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         //Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace(); 
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         //Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         //finally block used to close resources 
         try{ 
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se){ 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } //end finally try 
      } //end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!");
   } 
}

將上述程式儲存到H2jdbcCreateDemo.java中。透過在命令提示符中執行以下命令來編譯和執行上述程式。

\>javac H2jdbcCreateDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcCreateDemo

上述命令產生以下輸出。

Connecting to database... 
Creating table in given database... 
Created table in given database... 
Goodbye!

執行此操作後，我們可以使用H2 SQL介面檢查建立的表。

插入記錄

在這個例子中，我們將編寫一個插入記錄的程式。讓我們將以下記錄插入到Registration表中。

ID 名 姓 年齡
100 Zara Ali 18
101 Mahnaz Fatma 25
102 Zaid Khan 30
103 Sumit Mital 28

以下是一個名為H2jdbcInsertDemo的示例程式。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcInsertDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   //  Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
  
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try{
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);  
         
         // STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS); 
         System.out.println("Connected database successfully..."); 
         
         // STEP 3: Execute a query 
         stmt = conn.createStatement();  
         String sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (100, 'Zara', 'Ali', 18)"; 
         
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql); 
         sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (101, 'Mahnaz', 'Fatma', 25)";  
         
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql); 
         sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (102, 'Zaid', 'Khan', 30)"; 
         
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql); 
         sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES(103, 'Sumit', 'Mittal', 28)"; 
         
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql); 
         System.out.println("Inserted records into the table..."); 
         
         // STEP 4: Clean-up environment 
         stmt.close(); 
         conn.close(); 
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         // Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace(); 
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         // Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         // finally block used to close resources 
         try {
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close();  
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se) { 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } // end finally try 
      } // end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!"); 
   } 
}

將上述程式儲存到H2jdbcInsertDemo.java中。透過在命令提示符中執行以下命令來編譯和執行上述程式。

\>javac H2jdbcInsertDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcInsertDemo

上述命令產生以下輸出。

Connecting to a selected database... 
Connected database successfully... 
Inserted records into the table... 
Goodbye!

讀取記錄

在這個例子中，我們將編寫一個讀取記錄的程式。讓我們嘗試從Registration表中讀取所有記錄。

以下是一個名為H2jdbcRecordDemo的示例程式。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.ResultSet; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcReadDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   //  Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
   
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); 
         
         // STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);  
         
         // STEP 3: Execute a query 
         System.out.println("Connected database successfully..."); 
         stmt = conn.createStatement(); 
         String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration"; 
         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); 
         
         // STEP 4: Extract data from result set 
         while(rs.next()) { 
            // Retrieve by column name 
            int id  = rs.getInt("id"); 
            int age = rs.getInt("age"); 
            String first = rs.getString("first"); 
            String last = rs.getString("last");  
            
            // Display values 
            System.out.print("ID: " + id); 
            System.out.print(", Age: " + age); 
            System.out.print(", First: " + first); 
            System.out.println(", Last: " + last); 
         } 
         // STEP 5: Clean-up environment 
         rs.close(); 
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         // Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace(); 
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         // Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         // finally block used to close resources 
         try { 
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close();  
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se) { 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } // end finally try 
      } // end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!"); 
   } 
}

將上述程式儲存到H2jdbcReadDemo.java中。透過在命令提示符中執行以下命令來編譯和執行上述程式。

\>javac H2jdbcReadDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcReadDemo

上述命令產生以下輸出。

Connecting to a selected database... 
Connected database successfully... 
ID: 100, Age: 18, First: Zara, Last: Ali 
ID: 101, Age: 25, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma 
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan 
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal 
Goodbye!

更新記錄

在這個例子中，我們將編寫一個更新記錄的程式。讓我們嘗試從Registration表中讀取所有記錄。

以下是一個名為H2jdbcUpdateDemo的示例程式。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.ResultSet; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcUpdateDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   // Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
   
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); 
         
         // STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to a database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);  
         
         // STEP 3: Execute a query 
         System.out.println("Connected database successfully..."); 
         stmt = conn.createStatement(); 
         String sql = "UPDATE Registration " + "SET age = 30 WHERE id in (100, 101)"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);  
         
         // Now you can extract all the records 
         // to see the updated records 
         sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration"; 
         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);  
         
         while(rs.next()){ 
            // Retrieve by column name 
            int id  = rs.getInt("id"); 
            int age = rs.getInt("age"); 
            String first = rs.getString("first"); 
            String last = rs.getString("last");  
            
            // Display values 
            System.out.print("ID: " + id); 
            System.out.print(", Age: " + age); 
            System.out.print(", First: " + first); 
            System.out.println(", Last: " + last); 
         } 
         rs.close();    
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         // Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace(); 
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         // Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         // finally block used to close resources  
         try { 
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se) { 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } // end finally try 
      } // end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!"); 
   } 
}

將上述程式儲存到H2jdbcUpdateDemo.java中。透過在命令提示符中執行以下命令來編譯和執行上述程式。

\>javac H2jdbcUpdateDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcUpdateDemo

上述命令產生以下輸出。

Connecting to a selected database... 
Connected database successfully... 
ID: 100, Age: 30, First: Zara, Last: Ali 
ID: 101, Age: 30, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma 
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan 
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal 
Goodbye!

刪除記錄

在這個例子中，我們將編寫一個刪除記錄的程式。讓我們嘗試從Registration表中讀取所有記錄。

以下是一個名為H2jdbcDeleteDemo的示例程式。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.ResultSet; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcDeleteDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   // Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
  
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);  
         
         // STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);  
         
         // STEP 3: Execute a query
         System.out.println("Creating table in given database..."); 
         stmt = conn.createStatement();  
         String sql = "DELETE FROM Registration " + "WHERE id = 101"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);  
         
         // Now you can extract all the records 
         // to see the remaining records 
         sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration"; 
         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);  
         
         while(rs.next()){ 
            // Retrieve by column name 
            int id  = rs.getInt("id"); 
            int age = rs.getInt("age"); 
            String first = rs.getString("first"); 
            String last = rs.getString("last");  
            
            // Display values 
            System.out.print("ID: " + id); 
            System.out.print(", Age: " + age); 
            System.out.print(", First: " + first); 
            System.out.println(", Last: " + last); 
         } 
         rs.close(); 
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         // Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace();  
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         // Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         // finally block used to close resources 
         try { 
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se) { 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } // end finally try
      } // end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!"); 
   } 
}

將上述程式儲存到H2jdbcDeleteDemo.java中。透過在命令提示符中執行以下命令來編譯和執行上述程式。

\>javac H2jdbcDeleteDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcDeleteDemo

上述命令產生以下輸出。

Connecting to a selected database... 
Connected database successfully... 
ID: 100, Age: 30, First: Zara, Last: Ali 
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan 
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal 
Goodbye!
列印頁面
上一頁
下一頁
廣告

© . All rights reserved.