λ 表示式中的異常處理



如果函式丟擲已檢查異常,則很難編寫 λ 表示式。請看以下示例 −

import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class FunctionTester {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String url = "www.google.com";
      System.out.println(encodedAddress(url));
   }   

   public static String encodedAddress(String... address) {
      return Arrays.stream(address)
         .map(s -> URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8"))
         .collect(Collectors.joining(","));
   }
}

上面的程式碼無法編譯,因為 URLEncode.encode() 會丟擲 UnsupportedEncodingException,但 encodeAddress() 方法不能丟擲此異常。

一種可能的解決方案是將 URLEncoder.encode() 提取到一個獨立的方法中並在那裡處理異常。

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class FunctionTester {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String url = "www.google.com";       
      System.out.println(encodedAddress(url));
   }   

   public static String encodedString(String s) {
      try {
         URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8");
      }
      catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {        
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
      return s;
   }

   public static String encodedAddress(String... address) {
      return Arrays.stream(address)
         .map(s -> encodedString(s))
         .collect(Collectors.joining(","));
   }   
}

但是,如果我們有可能會丟擲異常的多個此類方法,那麼上述方法就不好了。請看以下使用函式式介面和包裝器方法的泛化解決方案。

import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class FunctionTester {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String url = "www.google.com";       
      System.out.println(encodedAddress(url));
   }   
   public static String encodedAddress(String... address) {
      return Arrays.stream(address)
         .map(wrapper(s -> URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8")))
         .collect(Collectors.joining(","));
   }

   private static <T, R, E extends Exception> Function<T, R> 
   wrapper(FunctionWithThrows<T, R, E> fe) {
      return arg -> {
         try {
            return fe.apply(arg);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
      };
   }
}

@FunctionalInterface
interface FunctionWithThrows<T, R, E extends Exception> {
   R apply(T t) throws E;
}

輸出

www.google.com
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