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DB2 - 備份與恢復
本章描述資料庫的備份和恢復方法。
簡介
備份和恢復方法旨在確保資訊安全。您可以使用命令列介面 (CLI) 或圖形使用者介面 (GUI) 中的備份和恢復實用程式來備份或恢復 DB2 UDB 資料庫中的資料。
日誌記錄
日誌檔案包含錯誤日誌，用於從應用程式錯誤中恢復。日誌記錄資料庫更改的記錄。下面描述兩種型別的日誌記錄：
迴圈日誌記錄
這是一種方法，當需要分配新的事務日誌檔案時，舊的事務日誌會被覆蓋，從而擦除日誌檔案的序列並重復使用它們。您只能在離線模式下進行完全備份，即資料庫必須離線才能進行完全備份。
歸檔日誌記錄
此模式支援使用稱為前滾恢復的日誌檔案的聯機備份和資料庫恢復。可以透過將 logretain 或 userexit 設定為 ON 來更改從迴圈日誌記錄到歸檔日誌記錄的模式。對於歸檔日誌記錄，備份設定資料庫需要一個 DB2 程序可寫入的目錄。
備份
使用備份命令，您可以複製整個資料庫。此備份副本包括資料庫系統檔案、資料檔案、日誌檔案、控制資訊等等。
您可以在離線和聯機狀態下進行備份。
離線備份
語法：[列出活動應用程式/資料庫]
db2 list application
輸出
Auth Id Application Appl. Application Id
DB # of
Name Handle
Name Agents
-------- -------------- ---------- ---------------------
----------------------------------------- -------- -----
DB2INST1 db2bp 39
*LOCAL.db2inst1.140722043938
ONE 1
語法：[強制使用 app.Handled id 的應用程式]
db2 "force application (39)"
輸出
DB20000I The FORCE APPLICATION command completed successfully. DB21024I This command is asynchronous and may not be effective immediately.
語法：[終止資料庫連線]
db2 terminate
語法：[停用資料庫]
db2 deactivate database one
語法：[建立備份檔案]
db2 backup database <db_name> to <location>
示例
db2 backup database one to /home/db2inst1/
輸出
Backup successful. The timestamp for this backup image is : 20140722105345
聯機備份
要開始，您需要將模式從迴圈日誌記錄更改為歸檔日誌記錄。
語法：[檢查資料庫是使用迴圈日誌記錄還是歸檔日誌記錄]
db2 get db cfg for one | grep LOGARCH
輸出
First log archive method (LOGARCHMETH1) = OFF Archive compression for logarchmeth1 (LOGARCHCOMPR1) = OFF Options for logarchmeth1 (LOGARCHOPT1) = Second log archive method (LOGARCHMETH2) = OFF Archive compression for logarchmeth2 (LOGARCHCOMPR2) = OFF Options for logarchmeth2 (LOGARCHOPT2) =
在上面的輸出中，突出顯示的值是配置檔案中處於關閉模式的[logarchmeth1 和 logarchmeth2]，這意味著當前資料庫處於“迴圈日誌記錄”模式。如果您需要使用“歸檔日誌記錄”模式，則需要更改或新增 logarchmeth1 和 logarchmeth2 變數中存在的路徑。
使用所需的歸檔目錄更新 logarchmeth1
語法：[建立目錄]
mkdir backup mkdir backup/ArchiveDest
語法：[為資料夾提供使用者許可權]
chown db2inst1:db2iadm1 backup/ArchiveDest
語法：[更新配置 LOGARCHMETH1]
db2 update database configuration for one using LOGARCHMETH1 'DISK:/home/db2inst1/backup/ArchiveDest'
您可以進行離線備份以確保安全，然後啟用資料庫並連線到它。
語法：[進行聯機備份]
db2 backup database one online to /home/db2inst1/onlinebackup/ compress include logs
輸出
db2 backup database one online to /home/db2inst1/onlinebackup/ compress include logs
使用以下命令驗證備份檔案
語法
db2ckbkp <location/backup file>
示例
db2ckbkp /home/db2inst1/ONE.0.db2inst1.DBPART000.20140722112743.001
列出備份檔案歷史記錄
語法
db2 list history backup all for one
輸出
List History File for one
Number of matching file entries = 4
Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log
Backup ID
-- --- ------------------ ---- --- ------------ ------------
--------------
B D 20140722105345001 F D S0000000.LOG S0000000.LOG
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Contains 4 tablespace(s):
00001 SYSCATSPACE
00002 USERSPACE1
00003 SYSTOOLSPACE
00004 TS1
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Comment: DB2 BACKUP ONE OFFLINE
Start Time: 20140722105345
End Time: 20140722105347
Status: A
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
EID: 3 Location: /home/db2inst1
Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log
Backup ID
-- --- ------------------ ---- --- ------------ ------------
--------------
B D 20140722112239000 N S0000000.LOG S0000000.LOG
------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
Comment: DB2 BACKUP ONE ONLINE
Start Time: 20140722112239
End Time: 20140722112240
Status: A
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
EID: 4 Location:
SQLCA Information
sqlcaid : SQLCA sqlcabc: 136 sqlcode: -2413 sqlerrml: 0
sqlerrmc:
sqlerrp : sqlubIni
sqlerrd : (1) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0
(4) 0 (5) 0 (6) 0
sqlwarn : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
(7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
sqlstate:
Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log
Backup ID
-- --- ------------------ ---- --- ------------ ------------
--------------
B D 20140722112743001 F D S0000000.LOG S0000000.LOG
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Contains 4 tablespace(s):
00001 SYSCATSPACE
00002 USERSPACE1
00003 SYSTOOLSPACE
00004 TS1
-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Comment: DB2 BACKUP ONE OFFLINE
Start Time: 20140722112743
End Time: 20140722112743
Status: A
-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
EID: 5 Location: /home/db2inst1
Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log
Backup ID
-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
R D 20140722114519001 F
20140722112743
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Contains 4 tablespace(s):
00001 SYSCATSPACE
00002 USERSPACE1
00003 SYSTOOLSPACE
00004 TS1
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Comment: RESTORE ONE WITH RF
Start Time: 20140722114519
End Time: 20140722115015
Status: A
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
EID: 6 Location:
從備份恢復資料庫
要從備份檔案恢復資料庫，您需要遵循給定的語法
語法
db2 restore database <db_name> from <location> taken at <timestamp>
示例
db2 restore database one from /home/db2inst1/ taken at 20140722112743
輸出
SQL2523W Warning! Restoring to an existing database that is different from the database on the backup image, but have matching names. The target database will be overwritten by the backup version. The Roll-forward recovery logs associated with the target database will be deleted. Do you want to continue ? (y/n) y DB20000I The RESTORE DATABASE command completed successfully.
向前滾動日誌目錄中所有日誌，包括磁碟驅動器故障之前的最新更改。
語法
db2 rollforward db <db_name> to end of logs and stop
示例
db2 rollforward db one to end of logs and stop
輸出
Rollforward Status Input database alias = one Number of members have returned status = 1 Member ID = 0 Rollforward status = not pending Next log file to be read = Log files processed = S0000000.LOG - S0000001.LOG Last committed transaction = 2014-07-22- 06.00.33.000000 UTC DB20000I The ROLLFORWARD command completed successfully.
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