使用Python實現康威生命遊戲?
大約在1970年,一位英國數學家創造了他的“生命遊戲”——它實際上是一套規則,描述了生物有機體群落混亂而有規律的生長。“生命遊戲”是一個二維網格,由“活”細胞和“死”細胞組成。
生命遊戲的規則
**過度繁殖:** 如果一個細胞周圍有超過三個活細胞,則該細胞死亡。
**穩定:** 如果一個細胞周圍有兩個或三個活細胞,則該細胞存活。
**人口不足:** 如果一個細胞周圍少於兩個活細胞,則該細胞死亡。
**繁殖:** 如果一個死細胞周圍恰好有三個活細胞,則該細胞活過來。
細胞將在下一個時間步長死亡
細胞將在下一個時間步長存活
細胞存活
細胞死亡
透過按順序步驟應用上述規則,我們將得到美麗而意想不到的圖案。
實現步驟
i. Initialise an empty universe ii. Fill the universe with the seed iii. Calculate if the current cell survives to the next timestamps, based on its neighbours iv. Repeat this survival function(like step-iii) over all the cells in the universe neighbours. v. Repeat steps iii-iv for the desired number of generations.
安裝
要建立康威生命遊戲,我們將使用matplotlib和numpy陣列庫。要安裝numpy和matplolib,請使用pip -
$pip install numpy, matplolib
實現康威生命遊戲的程式
現在是時候根據我們上述規則編寫程式了。以下是實現生命遊戲的程式:
#Import required library import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import argparse import time #------------------------------------------------------------------------- class Board(object): def __init__(self, size, seed = 'Random'): if seed == 'Random': self.state = np.random.randint(2, size = size) self.engine = Engine(self) self.iteration = 0 def animate(self): i = self.iteration im = None plt.title("Conway's Game of Life") while True: if i == 0: plt.ion() im = plt.imshow(self.state, vmin = 0, vmax = 2, cmap = plt.cm.gray) else: im.set_data(self.state) i += 1 self.engine.applyRules() print('Life Cycle: {} Birth: {} Survive: {}'.format(i, self.engine.nBirth, self.engine.nSurvive)) plt.pause(0.01) yield self #------------------------------------------------------------------------- class Engine(object): def __init__(self, board): self.state = board.state def countNeighbors(self): state = self.state n = (state[0:-2,0:-2] + state[0:-2,1:-1] + state[0:-2,2:] + state[1:-1,0:-2] + state[1:-1,2:] + state[2:,0:-2] + state[2:,1:-1] + state[2:,2:]) return n def applyRules(self): n = self.countNeighbors() state = self.state birth = (n == 3) & (state[1:-1,1:-1] == 0) survive = ((n == 2) | (n == 3)) & (state[1:-1,1:-1] == 1) state[...] = 0 state[1:-1,1:-1][birth | survive] = 1 nBirth = np.sum(birth) self.nBirth = nBirth nSurvive = np.sum(survive) self.nSurvive = nSurvive return state #------------------------------------------------------------------------- def main(): ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help = False) # Intilialize Argument Parser ap.add_argument('-h', '--height', help = 'Board Height', default = 256) ap.add_argument('-w', '--width', help = 'Board Width', default = 256) args = vars(ap.parse_args()) # Gather Arguments bHeight = int(args['height']) bWidth = int(args['width']) board = Board((bHeight,bWidth)) for _ in board.animate(): pass #------------------------------------------------------------------------- if __name__ == '__main__': main()
輸出
Console: Life Cycle: 1 Birth: 7166 Survive: 10621 Life Cycle: 2 Birth: 7930 Survive: 8409 Life Cycle: 3 Birth: 7574 Survive: 8756 Life Cycle: 4 Birth: 7114 Survive: 8406 Life Cycle: 5 Birth: 7005 Survive: 8126 Life Cycle: 6 Birth: 6644 Survive: 7926 Life Cycle: 7 Birth: 6266 Survive: 7711 Life Cycle: 8 Birth: 6132 Survive: 7427 Life Cycle: 9 Birth: 5957 Survive: 7322 Life Cycle: 10 Birth: 5769 Survive: 7290 Life Cycle: 11 Birth: 5585 Survive: 6937 Life Cycle: 12 Birth: 5381 Survive: 6791 Life Cycle: 13 Birth: 5208 Survive: 6686 Life Cycle: 14 Birth: 5063 Survive: 6563 …. …
上述結果將持續出現,直到我們在終端中按下Ctrl-C以停止程式。
圖形顯示
細胞將不斷變化,並將模擬非常美麗的圖案。
您可以透過更改設定和更改滑塊值來更改上述子圖。
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