在NumPy中計算沿軸1的第n階離散差分


要計算沿給定軸的第n階離散差分,請在Python NumPy中使用**MaskedArray.diff()**方法。沿給定軸的第一階差分由**out[i] = a[i+1] - a[i]**給出,更高階的差分是透過遞迴使用diff計算的。

  • 軸透過“axis”引數設定。
  • 軸是計算差分的軸,預設為最後一個軸。

該函式返回第n階差分。輸出的形狀與a相同,只是在axis軸上的維度減小了n。輸出的型別與a的任意兩個元素之間的差分的型別相同。在大多數情況下,這與a的型別相同。一個顯著的例外是datetime64,它會導致timedelta64輸出陣列。

prepend和append引數是在執行差分之前沿axis軸預先新增到a或附加到a的值。標量值將擴充套件為在axis方向上長度為1,並且沿所有其他軸具有輸入陣列形狀的陣列。否則,維度和形狀必須與a匹配,除了axis軸。

步驟

首先,匯入所需的庫:

import numpy as np
import numpy.ma as ma

使用numpy.array()方法建立一個包含整數元素的陣列:

arr = np.array([[65, 68, 81], [93, 33, 76], [73, 88, 51], [62, 45, 67]])
print("Array...
", arr)

建立一個掩碼陣列並將其中的某些元素標記為無效:

maskArr = ma.masked_array(arr, mask =[[1, 0, 0], [ 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0]])
print("
Our Masked Array...
", maskArr)

獲取掩碼陣列的型別:

print("
Our Masked Array type...
", maskArr.dtype)

獲取掩碼陣列的維度:

print("
Our Masked Array Dimensions...
",maskArr.ndim)

獲取掩碼陣列的形狀:

print("
Our Masked Array Shape...
",maskArr.shape)

獲取掩碼陣列的元素個數:

print("
Number of elements in the Masked Array...
",maskArr.size)

要計算沿給定軸的第n階離散差分,請在Python NumPy中使用MaskedArray.diff()方法。沿給定軸的第一階差分由out[i] = a[i+1] - a[i]給出,更高階的差分是透過遞迴使用diff計算的。軸透過“axis”引數設定。軸是計算差分的軸,預設為最後一個軸。

print("
Result..
.", np.diff(maskArr, axis = 1))

示例

import numpy as np
import numpy.ma as ma

# Create an array with int elements using the numpy.array() method
arr = np.array([[65, 68, 81], [93, 33, 76], [73, 88, 51], [62, 45, 67]])
print("Array...
", arr) # Create a masked array and mask some of them as invalid maskArr = ma.masked_array(arr, mask =[[1, 0, 0], [ 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0]]) print("
Our Masked Array...
", maskArr) # Get the type of the masked array print("
Our Masked Array type...
", maskArr.dtype) # Get the dimensions of the Masked Array print("
Our Masked Array Dimensions...
",maskArr.ndim) # Get the shape of the Masked Array print("
Our Masked Array Shape...
",maskArr.shape) # Get the number of elements of the Masked Array print("
Number of elements in the Masked Array...
",maskArr.size) # To calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis, use the MaskedArray.diff() method in Python Nump # The first difference is given by out[i] = a[i+1] - a[i] along the given axis, higher differences are calculated by using diff recursively. # The axis is set using the "axis" parameter # The axis is the axis along which the difference is taken, default is the last axis. print("
Result..
.", np.diff(maskArr, axis = 1))

輸出

Array...
[[65 68 81]
[93 33 76]
[73 88 51]
[62 45 67]]

Our Masked Array...
[[-- 68 81]
[93 33 76]
[73 -- 51]
[62 45 67]]

Our Masked Array type...
int64

Our Masked Array Dimensions...
2

Our Masked Array Shape...
(4, 3)

Number of elements in the Masked Array...
12

Result..
. [[-- 13]
[-60 43]
[-- --]
[-17 22]]

更新於:2022年2月5日

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