C++程式設計中不使用遞迴列印根到葉路徑。
給定二叉樹,程式必須找出從根到葉的多個路徑,這意味著應該列印所有路徑,但挑戰是不使用遞迴。
我們將迭代遍歷樹,因為約束是不使用遞迴。為了實現這一點,我們可以使用一個STL map,它將儲存根元素,並且每當透過層序遍歷識別葉節點時,它將列印從根到葉的路徑,因為有一個map指標指向根節點。

在上圖的樹中,可以生成多條從根到葉的路徑:
10 -> 3 -> 140 10 -> 3 -> 162 10 -> 211 -> 100 10 -> 211 -> 146
因此,程式必須將所有給定的路徑作為給定二叉樹的輸出打印出來。
演算法
START Step 1 -> create a structure of a node as struct Node struct node *left, *right int data End Step 2 -> function to create a node node* newnode(int data) node->data = data node->left = node->right = NULL; return (node) Step 3 -> create function to calculate the path void calculatePath(Node* curr, map<Node*, Node*> first) create STL stack<Node*> stk Loop While (curr) stk.push(curr) curr = first[curr] End Loop While !stk.empty() curr = stk.top() stk.pop() print curr->data End Step 4 -> create function to find the leaf nodes void leaf(Node* root) IF root = NULL Return End Create STL stack<Node*> stc stc.push(root) Create STL map<Node*, Node*> prnt prnt[root] = NULL Loop while !stc.empty() Node* curr = stc.top() stc.pop() IF!(curr->left) && !(curr->right) calculatePath(curr, prnt) End IF curr->right prnt[curr->right] = curr stc.push(curr->right) End IF curr->left prnt[curr->left] = curr stc.push(curr->left) End End STOP
示例
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//structure of a node
struct Node{
int data;
struct Node *left, *right;
};
//function to create a new node
Node* newNode(int data){
Node* node = new Node;
node->data = data;
node->left = node->right = NULL;
return node;
}
//this function will calculate the path
void calculatePath(Node* curr, map<Node*, Node*> first){
stack<Node*> stk;
while (curr){
stk.push(curr);
curr = first[curr];
}
while (!stk.empty()){
curr = stk.top();
stk.pop();
cout << curr->data << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
//this function will lead to the leafs
void leaf(Node* root){
if (root == NULL)
return;
stack<Node*> stc;
stc.push(root);
map<Node*, Node*> prnt;
prnt[root] = NULL;
while (!stc.empty()){
Node* curr = stc.top();
stc.pop();
if (!(curr->left) && !(curr->right))
calculatePath(curr, prnt);
if (curr->right){
prnt[curr->right] = curr;
stc.push(curr->right);
}
if (curr->left){
prnt[curr->left] = curr;
stc.push(curr->left);
}
}
}
int main(){
Node* root = newNode(67); //it will insert the nodes to create a tree
root->left = newNode(34);
root->right = newNode(89);
root->left->left = newNode(23);
root->left->right = newNode(95);
root->right->left = newNode(12);
leaf(root); //call the function leaf
return 0;
}輸出
如果我們執行上述程式,它將生成以下輸出
67 34 23 67 34 95 67 89 12
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