如何在 Linux 硬碟上查詢壞扇區
Badblocks 是一個 Linux 實用程式,用於評估磁碟驅動器上的不健康扇區。它會建立一個這些扇區的列表,可以與 mkfs 等其他應用程式一起使用,這樣這些扇區就不會在某些時候被使用,因此不會損壞資料。本文解釋瞭如何找到 Linux 硬碟上的壞扇區(即壞塊)。
要獲取有關計算機上塊裝置的資訊,請使用以下命令:
$ lsblk
檢查壞扇區
有很多複雜的可用方法可以查詢壞塊。最常用的方法如下所示:
要獲取有關壞塊狀態的資訊,請在 Ubuntu 上安裝以下軟體包,如下所示:
$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools
示例輸出應如下所示:
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: s-nail Suggested packages: exim4 | mail-transport-agent gsmartcontrol smart-notifier The following NEW packages will be installed: s-nail smartmontools 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 284 not upgraded. Need to get 795 kB of archives. After this operation, 2,398 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 s-nail amd64 14.8.6-1 [353 kB] Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 smartmontools amd64 6.4+svn4214-1 [442 kB] Fetched 795 kB in 1s (541 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package s-nail. (Reading database ... 174772 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../s-nail_14.8.6-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking s-nail (14.8.6-1) ... .............................................................................................
要獲取有關 smartctl 的更多資訊,請使用以下命令:
$ smartctl -h
示例輸出應如下所示:
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-31-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org Usage: smartctl [options] device ============================================ SHOW INFORMATION OPTIONS ===== -h, --help, --usage Display this help and exit -V, --version, --copyright, --license Print license, copyright, and version information and exit -i, --info Show identity information for device --identify[=[w][nvb]] Show words and bits from IDENTIFY DEVICE data (ATA) -g NAME, --get=NAME Get device setting: all, aam, apm, lookahead, security, wcache, rcache, wcreorder -a, --all Show all SMART information for device -x, --xall Show all information for device --scan Scan for devices --scan-open Scan for devices and try to open each device ================================== SMARTCTL RUN-TIME BEHAVIOR OPTIONS ===== -q TYPE, --quietmode=TYPE (ATA) Set smartctl quiet mode to one of: errorsonly, silent, noserial -d TYPE, --device=TYPE Specify device type to one of: ata, scsi, sat[,auto][,N][+TYPE], usbcypress[,X], usbjmicron[,p][,x][,N], usbsunplus, marvell, areca,N/E, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N, megaraid,N, aacraid,H,L,ID, cciss,N, auto, test -T TYPE, --tolerance=TYPE (ATA) Tolerance: normal, conservative, permissive, verypermissive -b TYPE, --badsum=TYPE (ATA) Set action on bad checksum to one of: warn, exit, ignore -r TYPE, --report=TYPE Report transactions (see man page) -n MODE, --nocheck=MODE (ATA) No check if: never, sleep, standby, idle (see man page) .........................................................................................
驗證硬碟健康狀況
要驗證硬碟健康狀況,請使用以下命令:
$ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda
示例輸出應如下所示:
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-31-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
如果上述結果顯示故障資訊,請使用以下命令掃描壞塊。
$ sudo badblocks -v /dev/sdb
檢查硬碟需要幾分鐘時間。在我的例子中,它給出了以下結果:
Checking blocks 0 to 3595263 Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Pass completed, 0 bad blocks found. (0/0/0 errors)
恭喜!現在,您知道“如何在 Linux 硬碟上查詢壞扇區(即壞塊)”了。我們將在下一篇文章中學習更多關於這些命令的資訊。繼續關注!
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