資料結構
網路
關係資料庫管理系統(RDBMS)
作業系統
Java
MS Excel
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C語言程式設計
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP
物理學
化學
生物學
數學
英語
經濟學
心理學
社會學
服裝設計
法學使用Python的tkinter構建簡單的GUI計算器
介紹
在Python中，我們使用tkinter庫建立GUI元件並設計更好的使用者介面。
在本文中，您將學習構建基於GUI的簡單計算器應用程式的方法。
開始
在我們開始之前，我們需要先準備一些東西。
讓我們首先下載Python的影像庫，我們將使用它從本地系統獲取影像。為了安裝PIL(Pillow)，啟動終端並輸入以下命令。
pip install Pillow
現在您已經安裝了包。您需要下載計算器所需的圖示。
您可以訪問谷歌圖片並下載所需的圖示。但是，如果您想要與我本專案中使用的圖示相同的圖示集，您可以從以下地址下載：
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0zqd6zd9b8asmor/AAC3d2iOvMRl8INkbCuMUo_ya?dl=0。
確保您將所有圖示下載到名為“asset”的資料夾中。
接下來，我們需要匯入所需的模組。
from tkinter import * from PIL import Image # pip install Pillow from PIL import ImageTk
就是這樣。您現在應該已經準備好所有東西並可以開始使用了。
建立函式
首先，我們必須建立GUI元件將使用的函式。
主要有三個函式：按下數字或符號時呼叫一個函式，按下等號按鈕時呼叫另一個函式，最後按下清除按鈕時呼叫一個函式。
讓我們首先初始化一些全域性變數：
txt = "" res = False ans = 0
示例
按下數字鍵時呼叫的函式：
def press(num): global txt, ans, res if (res==True): txt = ans res = False txt = txt + str(num) equation.set(txt)
示例1
按下等號按鈕時呼叫的函式：
def equal():
try:
global txt, ans, res
ans = str(eval(txt))
equation.set(ans)
res = True
except:
equation.set("ERROR : Invalid Equation")
txt=""按下清除按鈕時呼叫的函式：
示例
def clear():
global txt, ans, res
txt = ""
equation.set("")
res = False現在我們已經定義了函式，我們可以啟動主函式並開始處理GUI元件。
if __name__ == "__main__":
window = Tk()
window.configure(background="black")
window.title("Calculator")
window.iconbitmap("assets\Calculator\Logo.ico")
window.geometry("343x417")
window.resizable(0,0)以上程式碼行將構建一個完美的計算器。
注意 - 為了避免出現錯誤，請確保您遵循與上述程式碼相同的精確檔案結構。將logo圖示儲存在Calculator資料夾中，該資料夾位於assets資料夾內。
請按照以下格式：
+---Working Directory +---Calculator.py +---assets +---Calculator +---All the icons.
接下來，讓我們設計一個文字欄位，用於顯示數字。
equation = StringVar()
txt_field = Entry(relief=RIDGE,textvariable=equation,bd=10,font=("Aerial",20),bg="powder blue")
txt_field.grid(columnspan=4,ipady=10,ipadx=10,sticky="nsew")現在，我們將重複新增圖示到GUI視窗的過程，一次一個。下面是一個例子，請按照此步驟操作其餘部分，或者直接從本文末尾的完整程式碼中複製。
示例
width=80
height=80
img1 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/one.PNG")
img1 = img1.resize((width,height))
oneImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img1)
button1 = Button(window, image=oneImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(1),height=height,width=width)
button1.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky="nsew")與以上程式碼行類似，對button2、button3等按鈕重複此操作，直到涵蓋所有數字和符號。
就是這樣。如果您現在執行程式，您應該會看到一個非常抽象的計算器。
如果您無法按照步驟操作，您可以從下面獲取完整的程式碼。
示例
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageTk
txt = ""
res = False
ans = 0
def press(num):
global txt, ans, res
if (res==True):
txt = ans
res = False
txt = txt + str(num)
equation.set(txt)
def equal():
try:
global txt, ans, res
ans = str(eval(txt))
equation.set(ans)
res = True
except:
equation.set("ERROR : Invalid Equation")
txt=""
def clear():
global txt, ans, res
txt = ""
equation.set("")
res = False
if __name__ == "__main__":
window = Tk()
window.configure(background="black")
window.title("Calculator")
window.iconbitmap("assets\Calculator\Logo.ico")
window.geometry("343x417")
window.resizable(0,0)
equation = StringVar()
txt_field = Entry(relief=RIDGE,textvariable=equation,bd=10,font=("Aerial",20),bg="powder blue")
txt_field.grid(columnspan=4,ipady=10,ipadx=10,sticky="nsew")
width=80
height=80
img1 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/one.PNG")
img1 = img1.resize((width,height))
oneImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img1)
button1 = Button(window, image=oneImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(1),height=height,width=width)
button1.grid(row=2,column=0,sticky="nsew")
img2 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/two.PNG")
img2 = img2.resize((width,height))
twoImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img2)
button2 = Button(window, image=twoImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(2),height=height,width=width)
button2.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky="nsew")
img3 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/three.PNG")
img3 = img3.resize((width,height))
threeImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img3)
button3 = Button(window, image=threeImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(3),height=height,width=width)
button3.grid(row=2,column=2,sticky="nsew")
img4 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/four.PNG")
img4 = img4.resize((width,height))
fourImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img4)
button4 = Button(window, image=fourImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(4),height=height,width=width)
button4.grid(row=3,column=0,sticky="nsew")
img5 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/five.PNG")
img5 = img5.resize((width,height))
fiveImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img5)
button5 = Button(window, image=fiveImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(5),height=height,width=width)
button5.grid(row=3,column=1,sticky="nsew")
img6 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/six.PNG")
img6 = img6.resize((width,height))
sixImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img6)
button6 = Button(window, image=sixImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(6),height=height,width=width)
button6.grid(row=3,column=2,sticky="nsew")
img7 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/seven.PNG")
img7 = img7.resize((width,height))
sevenImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img7)
button7 = Button(window, image=sevenImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(7),height=height,width=width)
button7.grid(row=4,column=0,sticky="nsew")
img8 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/eight.PNG")
img8 = img8.resize((width,height))
eightImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img8)
button8 = Button(window, image=eightImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(8),height=height,width=width)
button8.grid(row=4,column=1,sticky="nsew")
img9 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/nine.PNG")
img9 = img9.resize((width,height))
nineImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img9)
button9 = Button(window, image=nineImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(9),height=height,width=width)
button9.grid(row=4,column=2,sticky="nsew")
img0 = Image.open("assets/Calculator/zero.PNG")
img0 = img0.resize((width,height))
zeroImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img0)
button0 = Button(window, image=zeroImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press(0),height=height,width=width)
button0.grid(row=5,column=1,sticky="nsew")
imgx = Image.open("assets/Calculator/multiply.PNG")
imgx = imgx.resize((width,height))
multiplyImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgx)
buttonx = Button(window, image=multiplyImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press("*"),height=height,width=width)
buttonx.grid(row=2,column=3,sticky="nsew")
imgadd = Image.open("assets/Calculator/add.PNG")
imgadd = imgadd.resize((width,height))
addImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgadd)
buttonadd = Button(window, image=addImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press("+"),height=height,width=width)
buttonadd.grid(row=3,column=3,sticky="nsew")
imgdiv = Image.open("assets/Calculator/divide.PNG")
imgdiv = imgdiv.resize((width,height))
divImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgdiv)
buttondiv = Button(window, image=divImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press("/"),height=height,width=width)
buttondiv.grid(row=5,column=3,sticky="nsew")
imgsub = Image.open("assets/Calculator/subtract.PNG")
imgsub = imgsub.resize((width,height))
subImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgsub)
buttonsub = Button(window, image=subImage,bg="white",command = lambda:press("- "),height=height,width=width)
buttonsub.grid(row=4,column=3,sticky="nsew")
imgeq = Image.open("assets/Calculator/equal.PNG")
imgeq = imgeq.resize((width,height))
eqImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgeq)
buttoneq = Button(window, image=eqImage,bg="white",command = equal,height=height,width=width)
buttoneq.grid(row=5,column=2,sticky="nsew")
imgclear = Image.open("assets/Calculator/clear.PNG")
imgclear = imgclear.resize((width,height))
clearImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgclear)
buttonclear = Button(window, image=clearImage,bg="white",command = clear,height=height,width=width)
buttonclear.grid(row=5,column=0,sticky="nsew")
window.mainloop()如果您在上述程式中遇到格式問題，也可以從https://github.com/SVijayB/PyHub/blob/master/Graphics/Simple%20Calculator.py獲取。
輸出
更新於：2021年2月11日
698 次瀏覽
廣告