迴圈佇列—— C++ 中的插入和刪除操作
佇列是一種包含元素集合的抽象資料結構。佇列實現先入先出的機制,即先插入的元素也會先刪除。
佇列可以是一種線性資料結構。但如果我們使用陣列實現佇列,可能會產生一些問題。有時透過使用一些連續的插入和刪除操作,前後位置會發生變化。那時,佇列看起來沒有空間可以插入元素。即使有一些空閒空間,由於一些邏輯問題,也不能使用。為了克服這個問題,我們將使用迴圈佇列資料結構。
迴圈佇列是一種佇列,其中最後一個位置連線到第一個位置,形成一個迴圈。
演算法
insert(queue, key) -
begin if front = 0 and rear = n – 1, or front = rear + 1, then queue is full, and return otherwise if front = -1, then front = 0 and rear = 0 else if rear = n – 1, then, rear = 0, else rear := rear + 1 queue[rear] = key end
delete(queue) -
begin if front = -1 then queue is empty, and return otherwise item := queue[front] if front = rear, then front and rear will be -1 else if front = n – 1, then front := 0 else front := front + 1 end
示例
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int cqueue[5]; int front = -1, rear = -1, n=5; void insertCQ(int val) { if ((front == 0 && rear == n-1) || (front == rear+1)) { cout<<"Queue Overflow \n"; return; } if (front == -1) { front = 0; rear = 0; } else { if (rear == n - 1) rear = 0; else rear = rear + 1; } cqueue[rear] = val ; } void deleteCQ() { if (front == -1) { cout<<"Queue Underflow\n"; return ; } cout<<"Element deleted from queue is : "<<cqueue[front]<<endl; if (front == rear) { front = -1; rear = -1; } else { if (front == n - 1) front = 0; else front = front + 1; } } void displayCQ() { int f = front, r = rear; if (front == -1) { cout<<"Queue is empty"<<endl; return; } cout<<"Queue elements are :\n"; if (f <= r) { while (f <= r){ cout<<cqueue[f]<<" "; f++; } } else { while (f <= n - 1) { cout<<cqueue[f]<<" "; f++; } f = 0; while (f <= r) { cout<<cqueue[f]<<" "; f++; } } cout<<endl; } int main() { int ch, val; cout<<"1)Insert\n"; cout<<"2)Delete\n"; cout<<"3)Display\n"; cout<<"4)Exit\n"; do { cout<<"Enter choice : "<<endl; cin>>ch; switch(ch) { case 1: cout<<"Input for insertion: "<<endl; cin>>val; insertCQ(val); break; case 2: deleteCQ(); break; case 3: displayCQ(); break; case 4: cout<<"Exit\n"; break; default: cout<<"Incorrect!\n"; } } while(ch != 4); return 0; }
輸出
1)Insert 2)Delete 3)Display 4)Exit Enter choice : 1 Input for insertion: 10 Enter choice : 1 Input for insertion: 20 Enter choice : 1 Input for insertion: 30 Enter choice : 1 Input for insertion: 40 Enter choice : 1 Input for insertion: 50 Enter choice : 3 Queue elements are : 10 20 30 40 50 Enter choice : 2 Element deleted from queue is : 10 Enter choice : 2 Element deleted from queue is : 20 Enter choice : 3 Queue elements are : 30 40 50 Enter choice : 4 Exit
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