C++中的前後拼圖
假設我們有一列短語,生成一列前後拼圖。這裡一個短語是一個只包含小寫字母和空格的字串。開頭和結尾沒有空格。短語中沒有連續的空格。
前後拼圖是由兩個短語合併形成的短語,其中第一個短語的最後一個詞與第二個短語的第一個詞相同。我們必須找到可以透過每兩個短語phrases[i]和phrases[j] (其中i != j)形成的前後拼圖。注意,匹配兩個短語的順序很重要,我們要考慮兩種順序。
我們應該找到一個按字典序排序的唯一字串列表。所以如果輸入類似於phrases = ["mission statement", "a quick bite to eat", "a chip off the old block", "chocolate bar", "mission impossible", "a man on a mission", "block party", "eat my words", "bar of soap"], 那麼輸出將是:["a chip off the old block party", "a man on a mission impossible", "a man on a mission statement", "a quick bite to eat my words", "chocolate bar of soap"]。
為了解決這個問題,我們將遵循以下步驟:
定義一個字串陣列ret,對phrases陣列進行排序
定義一個對映m,n := phrases陣列的大小
對於I從0到n-1
s := phrases[i],rspace := 從右側的空格索引
將I插入到m[如果rspace為空,則為s,否則找到s直到rspace+1的子字串]位置的列表中。
對於I從0到n-1
s := phrases[i],lspace := 從左側的空格索引
x := 如果lspace為空,則為s,否則找到s從0到lspace的子字串
如果m包含鍵x
v := m[x]
對於j從0到v的大小
如果v[j]不等於I,則
將phrases[v[j]] + s的子字串(直到x的大小)插入到ret中
對ret進行排序
刪除ret中的重複項並返回ret
示例 (C++)
讓我們看下面的實現來更好地理解:
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void print_vector(vector<auto> v){ cout << "["; for(int i = 0; i<v.size(); i++){ cout << v[i] << ", "; } cout << "]"<<endl; } class Solution { public: vector<string> beforeAndAfterPuzzles(vector<string>& phrases) { vector <string> ret; sort(phrases.begin(), phrases.end()); unordered_map <string, vector <int> > m; int n = phrases.size(); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ string s = phrases[i]; auto rspace = s.rfind(' '); m[rspace == string::npos ? s : s.substr(rspace + 1)].push_back(i); } for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ string s = phrases[i]; auto lspace = s.find(' '); string x = (lspace == string::npos? s : s.substr(0, lspace)); if(m.count(x)){ vector <int>& v = m[x]; for(int j = 0; j < v.size(); j++){ if(v[j] != i){ ret.push_back(phrases[v[j]] + s.substr(x.size())); } } } } sort(ret.begin(), ret.end()); ret.erase(unique(ret.begin(), ret.end()), ret.end()); return ret; } }; main(){ vector<string> v = {"mission statement","a quick bite to eat","a chip off the old block","chocolate bar","mission impossible","a man on a mission","block party","eat my words","bar of soap"}; Solution ob; print_vector(ob.beforeAndAfterPuzzles(v)); }
輸入
["mission statement","a quick bite to eat","a chip off the old block","chocolate bar","mission impossible","a man on a mission","block party","eat my words","bar of soap"]
輸出
[a chip off the old block party, a man on a mission impossible, a man on a mission statement, a quick bite to eat my words, chocolate bar of soap, ]