Java 中 compareTo() 和 compare() 方法的區別是什麼?\n


Comparable 介面提供了一個 compareTo() 方法用於物件的排序。此排序稱為類的自然排序compareTo() 方法稱為其自然比較方法Comparator 介面提供用於執行排序操作的方法。透過使用 Comparator 介面,我們可以執行多種排序序列。我們可以根據多個數據成員對物件進行排序。

compareTo()

compareTo() 方法將此物件與 o1 物件進行比較並返回一個整數

語法

public int compareTo(Object o1)
  • 當且僅當此物件小於 o1 時,它返回負數。
  • 當且僅當此物件大於 o1 時,它返回正數。
  • 當且僅當此物件等於 o1 時,它返回 0。

示例

線上演示

import java.util.*;
class Employee implements Comparable {
   String name;
   int age;
   Employee(String name, int age) {
      this.name = name;
      this.age = age;
   }
   //overridden compareTo method
   @Override
   public int compareTo(Object o) {
      return this.age - ((Employee) o).age;
   }
}
public class ComparableDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      // CREATION
      List list = new ArrayList<>();
      //INSERTION
      list.add(new Employee("Krishna", 30));
      list.add(new Employee("Archana", 28));
      list.add(new Employee("Vineet", 25));
      list.add(new Employee("Ramesh", 38));
      list.add(new Employee("Alok", 28));
      System.out.println("Before sorting: ");
      for (Employee e : list) {
         System.out.print("[ EMP : age = " + e.age + " ] ");
      }
      //SORTING
      Collections.sort(list);
      System.out.println("After sorting: ");
      for (Employee e : list) {
         System.out.print("[ EMP : age = " + e.age + " ] ");
      }
   }
}

輸出

Before sorting:
[ EMP : age = 2 ] [ EMP : age = 33 ] [ EMP : age = 11 ] [ EMP : age = 34 ] [ EMP : age = 7 ]
After sorting:
[ EMP : age = 2 ] [ EMP : age = 7 ] [ EMP : age = 11 ] [ EMP : age = 33 ] [ EMP : age = 34 ]

compare()

compare() 方法將第一個物件與第二個物件進行比較並返回一個整數

語法

public int compare (Object o1,Object o2)
  • 當且僅當 o1 小於 o2 時,它返回負數
  • 當且僅當 o1 大於 o2 時,它返回正數
  • 當且僅當 o1 等於 o2 時,它返回 0

示例

線上演示

import java.util.*;
class Student {
   String name;
   int age, roll;
   Student(String name, int age, int roll) {
      this.name = name;
      this.age = age;
      this.roll = roll;
   }
}
class AgeComparator implements Comparator {
   @Override
   public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
      return ((Student) o1).age - ((Student) o2).age;
   }
}
class RollComparator implements Comparator {
   @Override
   public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
      return ((Student) o1).roll - ((Student) o2).roll;
   }
}
public class ComparatorDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      List list = new ArrayList<>();
      list.add(new Student("Ramesh", 30, 20));
      list.add(new Student("Adithya", 7, 10));
      list.add(new Student("Krishna", 25, 5));
      list.add(new Student("Vineet", 24, 15));
      System.out.println("BEFORE SORTING");
      for (Student e : list) {
         System.out.println("[ STU : name = " + e.name + " age = " + e.age + " roll = " + e.roll + "]");
      }
      Collections.sort(list,new AgeComparator());
      System.out.println("AFTER SORTING WITH AGE");
      for (Student e : list) {
         System.out.println("[ STU : name = " + e.name + " age = " + e.age + " ]");
      }
      Collections.sort(list,new RollComparator());
      System.out.println("AFTER SORTING WITH ROLL");
      for (Student e : list) {
         System.out.println("[ STU : name = " + e.name + " roll = " + e.roll + " ]");
      }
   }
}

輸出

BEFORE SORTING
[ STU : name = Ramesh age = 30 roll = 20 ]
[ STU : name = Adithya age = 7 roll = 10 ]
[ STU : name = Krishna age = 25 roll = 5 ]
[ STU : name = Vineet age = 24 roll = 15 ]
AFTER SORTING WITH AGE
[ STU : name = Adithya age = 7 ]
[ STU : name = Vineet age = 24 ]
[ STU : name = Krishna age = 25 ]
[ STU : name = Ramesh age = 30 ]
AFTER SORTING WITH ROLL
[ STU : name = Krishna roll = 5 ]
[ STU : name = Adithya roll = 10 ]
[ STU : name = Vineet roll = 15 ]
[ STU : name = Ramesh roll = 20 ]

更新於: 2020-02-06

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