使用 C++ 的斯坦因演算法查詢 GCD


斯坦因演算法用於發現數字的 GCD,因為它計算兩個非負整數的最大公約數。它用數學位移、比較和減法代替除法。如果 a 和 b 都是 0,則 gcd 為零 gcd(0, 0) = 0。GCD(a,b) 的演算法如下;

演算法

START
   Step-1: check If both a and b are 0, gcd is zero gcd(0, 0) = 0.
   Step-2: then gcd(a, 0) = a and gcd(0, b) = b because everything divides 0.
   Step-3: check If a and b are both even, gcd(a, b) = 2*gcd(a/2, b/2) because 2 is a common divisor. Multiplication with 2 can be done with a bitwise shift operator.
   Step-4: If a is even and b is odd, gcd(a, b) = gcd(a/2, b). Similarly, if a is odd and b is even, then gcd(a, b) = gcd(a, b/2). It is because 2 is not a common divisor.
   Step-5: If both a and b are odd, then gcd(a, b) = gcd(|a-b|/2, b). Note that difference of two odd numbers is even
   Step-6: Repeat steps 3–5 until a = b, or until a = 0.
END

根據上述演算法來計算 2 個數字的 GCD,相應的 C++ 程式碼如下;

示例

 即時演示

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int funGCD(int x, int y){
   if (x == 0)
      return y;
   if (y == 0)
      return x;
   int k;
   for (k = 0; ((x | y) && 1) == 0; ++k){
      x >>= 1;
      y >>= 1;
   }
   while ((x > 1) == 0)
      x >>= 1;
   do {
      while ((y > 1) == 0)
         y >>= 1;
         if (x > y)
            swap(x, y); // Swap u and v.
         y = (y - x);
   }
   while (y != 0);
      return x << k;
}
int main(){
   int a = 24, b = 18;
   printf("Calculated GCD of numbers (24,18) is= %d\n", funGCD(a, b));
   return 0;
}

輸出

最後,透過應用斯坦因演算法,以 6 計算出兩個給定數字 24 和 18 的 GCD,如下所示;

Calculated GCD of numbers (24,18) is= 6

更新日期:2019-12-23

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