Python 程式查詢二維陣列中的 k'th 最小元素


一個 n×n 的使用者輸入整數矩陣已給出和 k 的值。我們的任務是找出二維陣列中的 k'th 最小元素。這裡我們使用 heapq 模組。Python 中的堆佇列(或 heapq)。在 Python 中,它可用“heapq”模組。該模組在 Python 中的技術是每次彈出堆元素中最小的(最小堆)。nsmallest() 方法用於從資料幀或序列中獲取 n 個最小值。

示例

Input Array is::
10 20 20 40 
15 45 40 30 
32 33 30 50 
12 78 99 78 
The value of k is 10
10 th smallest element is 40

演算法

Step 1: First create a 2D array.
Step 2: Then assign first row to a variable and convert it into min heap.
Step 3: Then traverse remaining rows and push elements in min heap.
Step 4: Now use nsmallest(k, iterable) method of heapq module and get list of first k smallest element, nsmallest(k,list) method returns first k smallest element now print last element of that list.

示例程式碼

# python program to find K'th smallest element in  
# a 2D array in Python 
import heapq 
  
def smallestele(A): 
   assignval = A[0]  
   heapq.heapify(assignval) 
  
   for i in A[1:]: 
      for j in i: 
         heapq.heappush(assignval,j) 
   mini = heapq.nsmallest(k,assignval) 
   print (k,"th smallest element is ",mini[-1]) 
  
# Driver program 
if __name__ == "__main__":
   A=[]
n=int(input("Enter N for N x N matrix : "))      #3 here
#use list for storing 2D array
#get the user input and store it in list (here IN : 1 to 9)
print("Enter the element ::>")
for i in range(n): 
   row=[]                                        #temporary list to store the row
   for j in range(n): 
      row.append(int(input()))                   #add the input to row list
   A.append(row)                                 #add the row to the list

print(A)
# [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

#Display the 2D array
print("Display Array In Matrix Form")
for i in range(n):
   for j in range(n):
      print(A[i][j], end=" ")
   print()                                       #new line
k = int(input("Enter the kth position ::>"))
smallestele(A) 

輸出

Enter N for N x N matrix : 4
Enter the element ::>
10
20
20
40
15
45
40
30
32
33
30
50
12
78
99
78
[[10, 20, 20, 40], [15, 45, 40, 30], [32, 33, 30, 50], [12, 78, 99, 78]]
Display Array In Matrix Form
10 20 20 40 
15 45 40 30 
32 33 30 50 
12 78 99 78 
Enter the kth position ::>10
10 th smallest element is 40

更新於: 30-Jul-2019

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