學習如何在 Linux 中使用 Postfix 設定郵件服務

您可能希望設定自己的 Linux 郵件伺服器的原因有很多。如今，越來越多的人被迫修復他們的電子郵件 – 如果它曾經出現故障的話。Postfix 是一個 MTA（郵件交換代理），一種用於傳送和接收郵件的軟體。它是 Wietse Venema 的郵件伺服器，最初誕生於 IBM 研究，作為廣泛使用的 Sendmail 應用程式的替代方案。現在在 Google 工作的 Wietse 繼續支援 Postfix。本文介紹了 – 如何在 Linux 中使用 postfix 設定郵件服務。

要安裝 Postfix 並測試郵件實用程式，請使用以下命令 –

$ sudo apt-get install mailutils

示例輸出應如下所示 –

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
   linux-headers-4.4.0-53 linux-headers-4.4.0-53-generic
   linux-image-4.4.0-53-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-53-generic
   linux-signed-image-4.4.0-53-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
   libgsasl7 libkyotocabinet16v5 libmailutils4 libntlm0 mailutils-common
   postfix
Suggested packages:
   mailutils-mh mailutils-doc procmail postfix-mysql postfix-pgsql postfix-ldap
   postfix-pcre sasl2-bin dovecot-common postfix-cdb postfix-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
   libgsasl7 libkyotocabinet16v5 libmailutils4 libntlm0 mailutils
   mailutils-common postfix

在安裝過程中，它將提示以下螢幕以配置 postfix –

單擊“確定”按鈕繼續。現在，它將提示以下螢幕以配置郵件配置的一般型別，如下所示 –

選擇網際網路站點並單擊“確定”按鈕。預設情況下，它將系統名稱作為系統郵件名稱，如下面的螢幕所示 –

根據需要更改系統郵件名稱。例如，我們已將 tutorialspoint.com 作為系統郵件名稱。現在單擊“確定”按鈕。完成安裝過程後，您需要配置 postfix。為此，請使用以下命令開啟配置檔案。

$sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf

示例輸出應如下所示 –

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version


# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

現在查詢inet_interfaces = all 並將其重新更改為inet_interfaces = loopback-only。示例輸出應如下所示 –

mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = loopback-only
inet_protocols = all

透過點選 Ctrl+O 儲存檔案，並透過點選 Ctrl+X 關閉檔案。現在使用以下命令重新啟動 Postfix –

$ sudo service postfix restart

要獲取有關 postfix 的更多資訊，請使用以下命令 –

$ man postfix

示例輸出應如下所示 –

POSTFIX(1)                   General Commands Manual                      POSTFIX(1)

NAME
      postfix - Postfix control program
SYNOPSIS
      postfix [-Dv] [-c config_dir] command
DESCRIPTION
   This command is reserved for the superuser. To submit mail, use the
   Postfix sendmail(1) command.

   The postfix(1) command controls the operation of the Postfix mail sys‐
   tem: start or stop the master(8) daemon, do a health check, and other
   maintenance.

   By default, the postfix(1) command sets up a standardized environment
   and runs the postfix-script shell script to do the actual work.

   However, when support for multiple Postfix instances is configured,
   postfix(1) executes the command specified with the multi_instance_wrap‐
   per configuration parameter. This command will execute the command for
   each applicable Postfix instance.

使用以下命令透過 Postfix 傳送郵件，如下所示 –

echo "Tutorials Point originated from the idea that there exists a class of readers who respond better 
to online content and prefer to learn new skills at their own pace from the comforts of their drawing 
rooms." | mail -s "About us" sairamkrishna@tutorialspoint.com

現在檢查您的收件箱或垃圾郵件資料夾以驗證郵件。上述郵件的示例輸出應如下所示 –