在OpenSUSE中安裝LAMP——Apache、PHP、MariaDB和PhpMyAdmin

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介紹

LAMP架構，代表Linux、Apache、MySQL/MariaDB和PHP，是一個強大的開源軟體組合，廣泛用於Web開發和託管。本教程將指導您在流行的Linux發行版openSUSE上安裝和配置LAMP架構。我們將介紹Apache、PHP、MariaDB和PhpMyAdmin的安裝過程，提供詳細的示例和命令輸出，以確保安裝過程順利進行。

步驟1：更新系統軟體包

在開始之前，務必更新系統軟體包，以確保我們擁有最新的軟體版本和安全補丁。開啟終端並執行以下命令：

sudo zypper refresh
sudo zypper update

步驟2：安裝Apache

Apache是一個廣泛使用的Web伺服器，是LAMP架構的基石。要安裝Apache，請執行以下命令：

示例

sudo zypper install apache2

輸出

Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...

The following NEW package is going to be installed:
  apache2

1 new package to install.
Overall download size: XXX MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation, additional XXX MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/...? shows all options] (y):

Retrieving package apache2-2.x.x-x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x

安裝完成後，使用以下命令啟動並啟用Apache服務：

sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2

輸出

$ sudo systemctl start apache2
[sudo] password for user:
Starting apache2.service...

$ sudo systemctl enable apache2
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/apache2.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.

步驟3：安裝PHP

PHP是一種流行的用於Web開發的指令碼語言。要安裝PHP及其必要的依賴項，請執行以下命令：

示例

sudo zypper install php7 php7-mysql apache2-mod_php7

輸出

$ sudo zypper install php7 php7-mysql apache2-mod_php7
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...

The following 3 NEW packages are going to be installed:
  apache2-mod_php7 php7 php7-mysql

3 new packages to install.
Overall download size: XXX MiB. Already cached: XXX MiB. After the operation, additional XXX MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/...? shows all options] (y):

Retrieving package apache2-mod_php7-XXX...
Retrieving package php7-XXX...
Retrieving package php7-mysql-XXX...
Installing package apache2-mod_php7-XXX...
Installing package php7-XXX...
Installing package php7-mysql-XXX...

Checking for file conflicts: [done]
(1/3) Installing: apache2-mod_php7-XXX..................................................................[done]
(2/3) Installing: php7-XXX....................................................................................[done]
(3/3) Installing: php7-mysql-XXX..............................................................................[done]

Additional rpm output:
...
...
...

Installation of packages was successful.

步驟4：安裝MariaDB

MariaDB是MySQL的替代品，提供了一個強大而健壯的關係資料庫管理系統。使用以下命令安裝MariaDB：

示例

sudo zypper install mariadb mariadb-client

輸出

Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...

The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed:
  mariadb mariadb-client

2 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 150.1 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation, additional 672.9 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/v/...? shows all options] (y): y
...
Retrieving package mariadb-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64 (1/2), 140.6 MiB (373.7 MiB unpacked)
Retrieving: mariadb-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64.rpm ..........................................................................................................................[done]
Retrieving package mariadb-client-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64 (2/2), 9.5 MiB (299.3 MiB unpacked)
Retrieving: mariadb-client-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64.rpm ...................................................................................................................[done]
...
Checking for file conflicts: .................................................................................................................................[done]
(1/2) Installing: mariadb-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64 ..............................................................................................................................[done]
(2/2) Installing: mariadb-client-10.6.5-2.1.x86_64 ...................................................................................................................[done]
...
Executing post-install scripts.....................................................................................................................................[done]
Additional rpm output:
  Installing MySQL system tables...
  OK
  Filling help tables...
  OK
  ...

執行以下命令啟動並啟用MariaDB服務：

示例

sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

輸出

$ sudo systemctl start mariadb
[sudo] password for user:
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

要保護您的MariaDB安裝，請執行安全指令碼並按照提示操作：

示例

sudo mysql_secure_installation

輸出

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Connecting to MySQL using a Unix socket.

MySQL server found running with a Unix socket at /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock. Continue with the MySQL secure installation? [Y/n] Y

Please enter the MySQL root password: 
Validating password...

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password:
Re-enter new password:

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Do you wish to continue with the password provided? [Y/n] Y

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

All done! MySQL should now be secured.

步驟5：安裝PhpMyAdmin

PhpMyAdmin是一個基於Web的介面，用於管理MySQL/MariaDB資料庫。執行以下命令安裝PhpMyAdmin：

sudo zypper install phpMyAdmin

在安裝過程中，系統會提示您選擇Web伺服器。選擇“apache2”並按Enter鍵。然後，選擇“yes”為phpMyAdmin配置資料庫。

步驟6：為PhpMyAdmin配置Apache

要配置Apache以識別PhpMyAdmin，請在文字編輯器中開啟配置檔案：

sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf

將`Require ip 127.0.0.1`一行替換為`Require all granted`。儲存並關閉檔案。

步驟7：重啟Apache

重啟Apache服務以使更改生效：

sudo systemctl restart apache2

步驟8：訪問PhpMyAdmin

開啟Web瀏覽器並輸入以下URL：https:///phpMyAdmin。您應該看到PhpMyAdmin登入頁面。使用您的MariaDB root使用者名稱和密碼登入。

恭喜！您已成功在openSUSE上安裝LAMP——Apache、PHP、MariaDB和PhpMyAdmin。您現在可以開始開發和託管Web應用程式了。

結論

在openSUSE上設定LAMP架構是一個簡單的過程，可以讓您利用開源軟體的強大功能進行Web開發。透過遵循本文中概述的步驟，您已經獲得了構建和部署Web應用程式的堅實基礎。享受LAMP架構提供的無限可能性！