如何在TestNG + Maven中使用註解分離單元測試和整合測試?
TestNG是一個測試框架,可以使用Maven作為構建工具。它有助於在一個地方(pom.xml)維護依賴項及其版本。
使用者可以從testng.xml或pom.xml執行測試。要從pom.xml執行測試,使用者需要提及testng.xml的路徑,並需要maven-surefire-plugin來執行。除了testng.xml,Maven還提供了透過Maven或命令列執行特定組的功能。在透過命令列執行時,使用者可以在執行時提及組名,而無需更改testng.xml或pom.xml中的任何內容。
此功能可用於分離單元測試和整合測試。使用者可以將所有與單元測試相關的測試歸類為“unit”,將整合測試歸類為“integration”,如果某些測試屬於兩者,則可以將其定義為“unit”和“integration”。
在本教程中,我們將瞭解如何分離單元測試和整合測試。
解決此問題的方法/演算法
步驟 1:建立TestNG類 - NewTestngClass
步驟 2:在類中編寫2個@Test方法,並指定組名。
步驟 3:現在建立如下所示的testng.xml
步驟 4:在pom.xml中新增testng.xml的路徑,如下所示。
<configuration> <suiteXmlFiles> <suiteXmlFile>Path of testng.xml</suiteXmlFile> </suiteXmlFiles> </configuration>
在配置部分,提到了testng的路徑。需要記住兩件事,第一件事是此配置應與maven-surefire-plugin一起保留,第二件事是永遠不要忘記新增testng的依賴項。
詳細的pom.xml可以在程式部分找到。
步驟 5:我們不會在pom.xml或testng.xml中新增任何組名。
步驟 6:現在,使用命令列執行它。
示例
以下程式碼演示瞭如何從大型套件中僅執行1個測試方法
src/ NewTestngClass.java
import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class NewTestngClass { @Test(groups = { "unit", "integration" }) public void testCase1() { System.out.println("in test case 1 of NewTestngClass"); } @Test(groups = { "integration" }) public void testCase2() { System.out.println("in test case 2 of NewTestngClass"); } @Test(groups = { "unit" }) public void testCase3() { System.out.println("in test case 3 of NewTestngClass"); } }
testng.xml
這是一個配置檔案,用於組織和執行TestNG測試用例。當需要執行有限的測試而不是完整套件時,它非常方便。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" > <suite name = "Suite1" parallel = "none"> <test name = "test1" preserve-order = "true"> <classes> <class name=”NewTestngClass”/> </classes> </test> </suite>
pom.xml
這是一個Maven配置檔案,用於組織依賴項、外掛和執行TestNG測試用例。
當需要執行有限的測試而不是完整套件時,它非常方便。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.sample</groupId> <artifactId>TestNGProjectct</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0-M5</version> <configuration> <suiteXmlFiles> <suiteXmlFile>src/main/java/testng.xml</suiteXmlFile> </suiteXmlFiles> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.testng</groupId> <artifactId>testng</artifactId> <version>7.3.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
執行命令
mvn test -Dgroups=unit
輸出
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ---------------------< com.sample:TestNGProjectct >--------------------- [INFO] Building TestNGProjectct 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ TestNGProjectct --- [INFO] Deleting C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ TestNGProjectct --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 1 resource [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ TestNGProjectct --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 8 source files to C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target\classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ TestNGProjectct --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 1 resource [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ TestNGProjectct --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Compiling 2 source files to C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target\test-classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:3.0.0-M5:test (default-test) @ TestNGProjectct --- [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] T E S T S [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Running TestSuite ... ... TestNG 7.3.0 by Cédric Beust (cedric@beust.com) ... in test case 1 of NewTestngClass in test case 3 of NewTestngClass [INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.639 s - in TestSuite [INFO] [INFO] Results: [INFO] [INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 3.840 s [INFO] Finished at: 2022-02-11T19:41:23+05:30 [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------- Process finished with exit code 0